Open access operator Arriva vlaky entered the rail market in 2012 initially on domestic routes using a fleet of second hand DB class 628 2-car DMUs. In 2016, they opened up a new cross-border route taking a secondary crossing from the Czech Republic to Slovakia via Nemšová. Despite most of the route being under the wires, DMUs are the most practical option.
Seen at Leopoldov on 13 May 2018 is unit 845101 on train AEx1060, 06:43 Nitra to Praha hl.n. a journey of some 6 hours 30 minutes. Whilst not the most uncomfortable of DMUs, these never ran that long a distance back in Germany from when they were first introduced in the late 198os.