Shown across the bottom are a history of fluctuations in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the period of disturbance after the stratosphere-piercing eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 15, 1991. The volcanic period is defined as the period of satellite-discernible volcanic ash in the upper atmosphere (Luo et al. 2002). The El Niño and La Niña periods are defined here as times when the five-month average of the Nino-3 Index deviated from its mean (over these 25 years) by more than 0.5 °C. Many of the interannual variations in temperature relative to the trend can be explained by the release (during El Niño) or uptake (during La Niña) of thermal energy by the oceans. The eruption of Mount Pinatubo, one of the largest of the century, may have depressed global temperature as a result of expelled ash and sulfates.
Copyright
This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde from publicly available data and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project.
Jones, P.D. and Moberg, A. (2003) "Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001". Journal of Climate, 16, 206-223.
Luo Z, Rossow WB, Inoue T, Stubenrauch CJ (2002) Did the eruption of the Mt. Pinatubo volcano affect cirrus properties? J Clim 15:2806-2820 DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2806:DTEOTM>2.0.CO;2
Dragons flight's Temperature Record Series
This figure is part of a series of plots created by Dragons flight to illustrate changes in Earth's temperature and climate across many different time scales.
このgeology画像は、ベクターイメージである SVG ファイルとして再作成されるべきです。これにはいくつかの利点があります。詳しくはCommons:Media for cleanupを参照してください。この画像の SVG 形式がすでに利用可能である場合は、アップロードしてください。アップロード後、この画像にあるこのテンプレートを{{Vector version available|新しい画像ファイル名.svg}}テンプレートで置き換えてください。