オオムカデ科

オオムカデ科
分類
学名
	Scolopendridae ; Newport, 1844
和名
	オオムカデ科

オオムカデ科（Scolopendridae、古い文献では Scolopendridæ とすることも^[1]）は、ムカデ綱オオムカデ目に属する科の一つ。

概要

ほぼすべての種が4個の単眼と21対の脚を持つが、Scolopendropsis bahiensisは21または23対^[2]、S. duplicataは39または43対の脚を持つ^[3]。一部の種は眼を持たず、盲目である(例:Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, C. delta)^[4]^[5]。

水陸両棲の種がアジアから3種知られている（Scolopendra cataracta, S. paradoxa, S. alcyona）^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]。

Scolopendra hardwickeiおよびHemiscolopendra marginataの2種については、毒の化学組成について性的二型が見られる^[12]^[13]。

この科の最古の記録は前期白亜紀のブラジル、クラト累層（Crato Formation）から出土したCratoraricrus（絶滅した属）である^[14]。

下位分類

アオムカデ亜科 Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)^[15]
- Otostigmini族 Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)^[16]
  - Alipes Imhoff, 1854
  - Alluropus Silvestri, 1911
  - Digitipes Attems, 1930
  - Edentistoma Tömösváry,1882
  - Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898
  - Otostigmus Porat, 1876
  - Rhysida Wood, 1862
- Sterropristini族 Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) ^[17]^[18]
  - Sterropristes Attems, 1934

オオムカデ亜科 Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)^[19]
- Scolopendrini族
  - Asanada
  - Asanadopsis
  - Akymnopellis
  - Arthrorhabdus
  - Cormocephalus
  - Hemiscolopendra
  - Notiasemus
  - Psiloscolopendra
  - オオムカデ属 Scolopendra (=Kanparka)
  - Scolopendropsis (=Rhoda)
  - Tonkinodentus

出典

^ R. I. Pocock (1891). “Notes on the Synonymy of some Species of Scolopendridæ, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Group”. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology (London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd) 6 (7): 51.
^ Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). “Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)”. Arthropoda Selecta 15 (1): 9–17.
^ Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). “Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil”. Zootaxa 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
^ Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). “Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century” (英語). ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7239954. PMID 32476974.
^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). “Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)”. Invertebrate Systematics 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226.
^ Anderson, Natali (2021年4月22日). “Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News” (英語). Sci.News: Breaking Science News. 2022年9月6日閲覧。
^ Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). “Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first”. The Guardian 1 July 2016閲覧。
^ Bates, M. (26 June 2016). “'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered”. National Geographic. June 26, 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。1 July 2016閲覧。
^ Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
^ Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). “A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos”. ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMC 4926625. PMID 27408540.
^ “Centipede”. VEDANTU. 2022年9月6日閲覧。
^ Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
^ Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). “Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)”. Toxicon 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069.
^ “Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii”. fossilworks.org. 17 December 2021閲覧。
^ “ITIS - Report: Otostigminae” (英語). www.itis.gov. 2022年12月25日閲覧。
^ “Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903” (英語). www.gbif.org. 2022年12月25日閲覧。
^ “Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937” (英語). www.gbif.org. 2022年12月25日閲覧。
^ Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). “Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)”. Zootaxa 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
^ “ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae”. www.itis.gov. 2022年8月29日閲覧。

外部リンク

[1] R. I. Pocock (1891). “Notes on the Synonymy of some Species of Scolopendridæ, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Group”. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology (London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd) 6 (7): 51.

[2] Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). “Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)”. Arthropoda Selecta 15 (1): 9–17.

[3] Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). “Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil”. Zootaxa 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.

[4] Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). “Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century” (英語). ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7239954. PMID 32476974.

[5] Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). “Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)”. Invertebrate Systematics 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226.

[6] Anderson, Natali (2021年4月22日). “Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News” (英語). Sci.News: Breaking Science News. 2022年9月6日閲覧。

[7] Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). “Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first”. The Guardian 1 July 2016閲覧。

[8] Bates, M. (26 June 2016). “'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered”. National Geographic. June 26, 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。1 July 2016閲覧。

[9] Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415

[10] Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). “A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos”. ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMC 4926625. PMID 27408540.

[11] “Centipede”. VEDANTU. 2022年9月6日閲覧。

[12] Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.

[13] Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). “Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)”. Toxicon 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069.

[14] “Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii”. fossilworks.org. 17 December 2021閲覧。

[15] “ITIS - Report: Otostigminae” (英語). www.itis.gov. 2022年12月25日閲覧。

[16] “Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903” (英語). www.gbif.org. 2022年12月25日閲覧。

[17] “Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937” (英語). www.gbif.org. 2022年12月25日閲覧。

[18] Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). “Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)”. Zootaxa 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.

[19] “ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae”. www.itis.gov. 2022年8月29日閲覧。

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