オモ語派

オモ語派
話される地域	エチオピア
言語系統	アフロ・アジア語族オモ語派;
下位言語	北オモ語群 (Kaffa); 南オモ語群 (Arii); ? マオ語群;
ISO 639-5	omv
Glottolog	None

オモ語派（Omotic languages）は、アフロ・アジア語族の下位語派で、エチオピア南西部で話される。ほとんどの言語ではゲエズ文字が記録の際の文字体系として用いられる（ゲエズ文字を用いない言語ではラテン文字が用いられる）。膠着語的で、複雑な声調システムを持つ。

言語一覧

オモ語派
- 南オモ諸語（英語版）
- マオ諸語（英語版）
- 北オモ諸語（英語版）
  - en:Dizoid languages
  - Ta–Ne languages
    - en:Gonga languages
      - en:Anfillo language
      - en:Shinasha language（Boro）
      - Kafa–Shekkacho
        en:Kafa language（Kafi noono） - カフィチョ人（フランス語版）
        
        en:Shakacho language（Mocha）
    - Gimojan

分類について

オモ諸語は一般的にアフロ・アジア語族の下位系統と考えられている。ジョセフ・グリーンバーグ(1963)はオモ諸語をクシ語派の西部語群として分類した。Felming(1969)はアフロ・アジア語族の独立した下位系統に分類することを主張し、Bender(1971)がこの考えを引き継ぎ、多くの言語学者も賛同した^[1]。しかし一部の言語学者はクシ語派の西部語群にとどめるか^[2]、または南オモ諸語のみが別の系統に属し、北オモ諸語はクシ語派に属すままとする分類をしている。Bench(2006)はオモ語派は蜂蜜に関係する語彙が他のアフロ・アジア語族と共有するが、牛に関する語彙は共有しないとし、分岐は牧畜の開始以前に起こったとした。また一部の学者はオモ諸語がアフロ・アジア語族の一部に含まれるかどうかを疑問視しており、^[3]^[4] Theil (2006) はオモ諸語は独立した語族であるとした。^[5] しかしながら、一般的な認識では、形態的証拠に基づき、アフロ・アジア語族のメンバーであるとされる。^[6]

文献

Bender, M. L. 1975. Omotic: a new Afroasiatic language family. (University Museum Series, 3.) Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University.
Blench, Roger. 2006. Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. AltaMira Press
Hayward, Richard J., ed. 1990. Omotic Language Studies. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
Hayward, Richard J. 2003. Omotic: the "empty quarter" of Afroasiatic linguistics. In Research in Afroasiatic Grammar II: selected papers from the fifth conference on Afroasiatic languages, Paris 2000, ed. by Jacqueline Lecarme, pp. 241–261. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lamberti, Marcello. 1991. Cushitic and its classification. Anthropos 86(4/6):552-561.
Zaborski, Andrzej. 1986. Can Omotic be reclassified as West Cushitic? In Gideon Goldenberg, ed., Ethiopian Studies: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, pp. 525–530. Rotterdam: Balkema.

脚注

^ Hayward (2000:85)
^ Lamberti (1991), Zaborksi (1986)
^ I. M. Diakonoff (1998) Journal of Semitic Studies 43:209: "It is quite evident that cultural ties between Proto-Semitic and the African branches of the Afrasian macrofamily must have been severed at a very early date indeed. However, the grammatical structure of [Common Semitic] (especially in the verb) is obviously close to that of Common Berbero-Libyan (CBL), as well as to Bedauye. (Bedauye might, quite possibly, be classified as a family distinct from the rest of Kushitic.) The same grammatical isoglosses are somewhat more feebly felt between Semitic and (the other?) Kushitic languages. They practically disappear between the Semitic and the Omotic languages, which were formerly termed Western Kushitic, but which actually may not be Afrasian at all, like their neighbours the Nubian languages and Meroitic."
^ Newman (1980)
^ Rolf Theil (2006) Is Omotic Afro-Asiatic? pp 1–2: "I claim to show that no convincing arguments have been presented [for the inclusion of Omotic (OM) in Afro-Asiatic (AA)], and that OM should be regarded as an independent language family. No closer genetic relations have been demonstrated between OM and AA than between OM and any other language family."
^ Gerrit Dimmendaal (2008) "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", in Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:841: "Although its Afroasiatic affiliation has been disputed, the allocation of Omotic within this family is now well-established, based on the attestation of morphological properties that this family shares with other Afroasiatic branches."

[1] Hayward (2000:85)

[2] Lamberti (1991), Zaborksi (1986)

[3] I. M. Diakonoff (1998) Journal of Semitic Studies 43:209: "It is quite evident that cultural ties between Proto-Semitic and the African branches of the Afrasian macrofamily must have been severed at a very early date indeed. However, the grammatical structure of [Common Semitic] (especially in the verb) is obviously close to that of Common Berbero-Libyan (CBL), as well as to Bedauye. (Bedauye might, quite possibly, be classified as a family distinct from the rest of Kushitic.) The same grammatical isoglosses are somewhat more feebly felt between Semitic and (the other?) Kushitic languages. They practically disappear between the Semitic and the Omotic languages, which were formerly termed Western Kushitic, but which actually may not be Afrasian at all, like their neighbours the Nubian languages and Meroitic."

[4] Newman (1980)

[Theil-5] Rolf Theil (2006) Is Omotic Afro-Asiatic? pp 1–2: "I claim to show that no convincing arguments have been presented [for the inclusion of Omotic (OM) in Afro-Asiatic (AA)], and that OM should be regarded as an independent language family. No closer genetic relations have been demonstrated between OM and AA than between OM and any other language family."

[6] Gerrit Dimmendaal (2008) "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", in Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:841: "Although its Afroasiatic affiliation has been disputed, the allocation of Omotic within this family is now well-established, based on the attestation of morphological properties that this family shares with other Afroasiatic branches."

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