ダラス・ブルース

「ダラス・ブルース」
ハルト・ヴァントのブルース
リリース	1912年3月
規格	楽譜
ジャンル	ブルース、ジャズのスタンダード
作詞者	ハルト・ヴァント、ロイド・ギャレット
作曲者	ハルト・ヴァント

「ダラス・ブルース」（Dallas Blues）は、ハルト・ヴァント Hart A. Wand に書かれた歌であり、今までに出版された最初の本物のブルースの歌である^[1]。オー、ユー・ビューティフル・ドール Oh という、最初のヴァースが12小節のブルースであるティン・パン・アレーの歌は、これより1年早く出版された。他にも2曲、曲名にブルースと付く歌が1912年に出版された。「ベイビー・シールズ・ブルース」 Baby Seals Blues （1912年8月）というアーサー・“ベイビー”・シールズ Arthur "Baby" Seales 作曲のボードビルの曲と、「メンフィス・ブルース」という W. C. ハンディ W. C. Handy 作曲（1912年9月）の2曲である^[2]^[3]。しかしながら、どちらも本物のブルースの歌ではなかった^[4]。

「ダラス・ブルース」は標準的なブルースのテンポで書かれたけれども(ブルースのテンポ。とてもゆっくり。)^[5]、しばしばラグタイムやディキシーランド・ジャズとして演奏された。

1918年に、ロイド・ギャレット Lloyd Garrett は歌手のダラスへの憧れを反映させるために歌詞を付けくわえた^[6]：

There's a place I know, folks won't pass me by,

Dallas, Texas, that's the town, I cry, oh hear me cry.

And I'm going back, going back to stay there 'til I die, until I die.

「ダラス・ブルース」が実際に作曲された日付はわかっていないが、サミュエル・チャーターズ Samuel Charters は彼の著書「The Country Blues」（1959年）のためにヴァントに取材訪問をしたが、彼は著書にヴァントはこの曲をピアノ奏者の友人、アナベル・ロビンズ Annabelle Robbins の所へ持って行き、ロビンズはこの曲をヴァントのために編曲したと記している^[7]。チャーターズはさらに、この歌の曲名は、この曲を聴くとダラスへ帰りたい憂鬱に駆られると言う、ヴァントの父親の作業員の一人に由来すると記している。ヴァントの父親は1909年に死んだので、実際に作曲した日付はそれ以前であるに違いない。

いずれにせよ、この歌を出版して数週間の間はミシシッピ川全域で聞かれ^[8]、この歌の次に続くすべてのブルース音楽への影響は、申し分なく記録されている。

初期の録音

初期の録音
日付	アーティスト	レーベル
1918	Wilbur Sweatman's Jazz Band	Columbia A-2663
1920	ルイ・アームストロングと彼のオーケストラ	Okeh 8774
1925	Fred Hall's Sugar Babies	Okeh 40437
1925	Lee Morse	Perfect 11582
1927	Bob Fuller	Brunswick 7006
1930	Andy Kirk's 12 Clouds of Joy	Brunswick 6129
1931	Ted Lewis & His Band (v. ファッツ・ウォーラー)	Oriole 3132
1934	Isham Jones & His Orchestra\|	Victor 24649
1936	Wingy Manone & His Orchestra\|	Bluebird 6375A
1939	ウディ・ハーマンと彼のオーケストラ	Decca 2629A

脚注

^ Duncan, Blues Fiddling Classics, page 30: "This tune was the first 12-bar blues to be published (March 1912). It was written by violinist/band leader Hart Wand from Oklahoma."
^ Davis, The History of the Blues, page 59: "But in a sense, the very first blues was the twelve-bar opening verse to the pop song "Oh, You Beautiful Doll," which was published in 1911."
^ Davis, The History of the Blues, page 59: "The composer of the very first copyright "blues" was Hart Wand, a white Oklahoma violinist and bandleader whose "Dallas Blues" was so named because its melody gave a black porter who worked for Wand's family "the blues to go back to Dallas." This was followed a few months later by "Bably Seal Blues", a negligible item by the black vaudeville performer Arthur"Baby" Seals and ragtime pianist Arthur Matthews."
^ Charters, The Country Blues, pages 34-35: "The first was Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues," published in March; the second was Arthur Seals's "Bab Seals' Blues," published in August; Handy finally brought out his blues in September. Both Handy and Arthur Seals were Negroes, but the music that they titled "blues is more or less derived from the standard popular musical styles of the "coon-song" and "cake-walk" type. It is ironic the the first published piece in the Negro "blues idiom, "Dallas Blues,' was by a white man, Hart Wand."
^ Wand, "Dallas Blues", p. 2
^ Jasen, A Century of American Popular Music, page 45: "Dallas Blues"; Wand Publishing Co.—Oklahoma City, 1912; Probably the first published blues number. Words were added (by Lloyd Garrett in 1918). Although a favorite of dance and jazz bands, Ted Lewis and His Band had the number 7 hit in 1931, with Fats Waller as vocalist (Columbia 2527-D).
^ Charters, The Country Blues, page 35.
^ Charters, The Country Blues, page 36: "Twenty bars in all, it was easy to play and whistle, and within a few weeks it was a favorite the length of the Mississippi River."

参考文献

Charters, Samuel B. The Country Blues. Da Capo Press, 1975. ISBN 0-306-80014-4
Davis, Francis. The History Of The Blues: The Roots, The Music, The People. Da Capo Press, 2003. ISBN 0-306-81296-7
Duncan, Craig. Blues Fiddling Classics. Mel Bay Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-7866-1855-8
Jasen, David A. A Century of American Popular Music: 1899-1999. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-93700-0
Wand, Hart A. "Dallas Blues"^{[リンク切れ]}. Wand Publishing Co., 1912. From Mississippi State University's Templeton Digital Sheet Music Collection.
Wand, Hart A. (music); Lloyd Garrett (words). "Dallas Blues". Frank Root & Company, c. 1918. From the University of Colorado Digital Sheet Music Collection.

外部リンク

YouTube
- "ダラス・ブルース" (ブルースのテンポ) New Optimus Orchestra—Linköping, Sweden (7.06 min).
- "ダラス・ブルース" (ディキシーランド・ジャズ) Bob Schulz Frisco Jazz Band—Puget Sound Traditional Jazz Society (5.23 min).
- "ダラス・ブルース" (ディキシーランド・ジャズ) Titanic Jazz Band—Orange County Classic Jazz Festival (4.45).

[1] Duncan, Blues Fiddling Classics, page 30: "This tune was the first 12-bar blues to be published (March 1912). It was written by violinist/band leader Hart Wand from Oklahoma."

[2] Davis, The History of the Blues, page 59: "But in a sense, the very first blues was the twelve-bar opening verse to the pop song "Oh, You Beautiful Doll," which was published in 1911."

[3] Davis, The History of the Blues, page 59: "The composer of the very first copyright "blues" was Hart Wand, a white Oklahoma violinist and bandleader whose "Dallas Blues" was so named because its melody gave a black porter who worked for Wand's family "the blues to go back to Dallas." This was followed a few months later by "Bably Seal Blues", a negligible item by the black vaudeville performer Arthur"Baby" Seals and ragtime pianist Arthur Matthews."

[4] Charters, The Country Blues, pages 34-35: "The first was Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues," published in March; the second was Arthur Seals's "Bab Seals' Blues," published in August; Handy finally brought out his blues in September. Both Handy and Arthur Seals were Negroes, but the music that they titled "blues is more or less derived from the standard popular musical styles of the "coon-song" and "cake-walk" type. It is ironic the the first published piece in the Negro "blues idiom, "Dallas Blues,' was by a white man, Hart Wand."

[5] Wand, "Dallas Blues", p. 2

[6] Jasen, A Century of American Popular Music, page 45: "Dallas Blues"; Wand Publishing Co.—Oklahoma City, 1912; Probably the first published blues number. Words were added (by Lloyd Garrett in 1918). Although a favorite of dance and jazz bands, Ted Lewis and His Band had the number 7 hit in 1931, with Fats Waller as vocalist (Columbia 2527-D).

[7] Charters, The Country Blues, page 35.

[8] Charters, The Country Blues, page 36: "Twenty bars in all, it was easy to play and whistle, and within a few weeks it was a favorite the length of the Mississippi River."

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