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ミクロモノスポラ科

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
ミクロモノスポラ科
分類
ドメイン : 真正細菌
Bacteria
: 放線菌門
Actinomycetota
: 放線菌綱
Actinomycetia
: ミクロモノスポラ目
Micromonosporales
: ミクロモノスポラ科
Micromonosporaceae
学名
Micromonosporaceae
Krasil'nikov 1938[1]
(IJSEMリストに記載 1980[2])
タイプ属
ミクロモノスポラ属
Micromonospora

Ørskov 1923[3]
(IJSEMリストに記載 1980[2])
シノニム
  • Actinoplanetaceae
    corrig. Couch 1955[4]
    (IJSEMリストに記載 1980[2])
  • Actinoplanaceae
    Couch 1955[4]
    (IJSEMリストに記載 1980[2])
  • Phytomonosporaceae
    Salam et al. 2020[5]
    (IJSEMリストに記載 2020[6])
  • Actinocatenisporaceae
    Salam et al. 2020[5]
    (IJSEMリストに記載 2020[6])
下位分類([62]

ミクロモノスポラ科Micromonosporaceae)は真正細菌の放線菌門放線菌綱ミクロモノスポラ目ミクロモノスポラ科のの一つである。グラム陽生且つ胞子及び菌糸形成性の土壌細菌である。

説明

[編集]

好気性グラム陽性、非抗酸性、且つ中温性であり、断片化せずに分岐し且つ中隔のある菌糸を形成する[63]Actinocatenisporaは約10個の胞子の鎖に分化する気中菌糸を形成するが[64]、この科の細菌が気中菌糸を形成することはめったにないか、乏しい[65]。胞子の単一細胞、短鎖、又は小胞が基質菌糸上に形成される[64]。胞子は鞭毛により運動性を有することがあり、例えばアクチノプラネス属(Actinoplanes)、ダクチロスポランギウム属(Dactylosporangium)、及びピリメリア属(Pilimelia)の細菌種は、細胞極又は側面の房に鞭毛を持つ[65]。この胞子は短い又は長い胞子嚢胞の先端で発生した胞子小胞 (胞子嚢) 内で形成され、この胞子小胞の形状は多様で、球状、亜球状、又は棒状であり、2~5個(ダクチロスポランギウム属)又は多数(アクチノプラネス属、ピリメリア属)の胞子を内包する。胞子の細胞壁は単層で構成され、装飾は無い。一方で、ミクロモノスポラ属(Micromonospora)細菌では胞子は非運動性であり、球形、卵形、又は楕円形であり、その細胞壁は厚く、また全体的に滑らか又は先端の鈍い突起で装飾されている。コウチオプラネス属(Couchioplanes)では胞子は鎖状に形成され、運動性を持つ[65]。胞子鎖と気菌糸は集められてしばしば胞子嚢に似たクラスターが形成されるが、真の胞子嚢は観察されない。カテヌロプラネス属(Catenuloplanes)では気菌糸はまばらで、胞子は鎖状に形成される。個々の胞子は、棒状、直線状、又は滑らかな表面を持つ湾曲した形をしており、周毛鞭毛によって運動する。カテラトスポラ属(Catellatospora)は気菌糸を持たず、非運動性の胞子の短鎖が単独で、或いは栄養菌糸から房状に現れる。コロニーはオレンジ、赤、黄、緑、又は紫色である。高度に着色された拡散性顔料が産生される場合がある。

ペプチドグリカンは通常、DL-A2pmを含有し、いくつかの種は、主要なジアミノ酸としてL-リジン又は3-OH A2pmを含む[64]。ペプチドグリカンのムラミン酸残基はN-グリコール化されている。主要なイソプレノログとして、MK-9及びMK-10系列の全てのタイプが検出される場合がある。極性脂質としてホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)は全ての種で検出され、一部の種ではジホスファチジルグリセロール(DPG)、ホスファチジルグリセロール(PG)、ホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)、及びホスファチジルイノシトールマンノシド(PIM)が発見されることがある。飽和iso-及びanteiso-分岐脂肪酸は、ほとんど全ての属で優勢である。ミコール酸は存在しない[65]メナキノンのプロファイルは不定であり、アクチノプラネス属、ダクチロスポランギウム属、ピリメリア属及びコウチオプラネス属では9個のイソプレン単位を持つ四水素化メナキノンのMK-9(H4)型が、ミクロモノスポラ属では、9、10、及び/又は12個のイソプレン単位を持つテトラ、ヘキサ及び/又はオクタ水素化メナキノンが優勢である。アサノア・フェルギネア(Asanoa ferruginea)はMK-10(H8)とMK-10(H6)を含み、カテヌロプラネス属は主にMK-9(H8)とMK-10(H8)を含む。GC含量は約65~75%である[64]

16S rDNAのヌクレオチド配列のシグネチャパターンは127:234(A–U)、209(G)、534(G)、831:855(U–G)、832:854(G–Y)、833:853(U–G)、840:846(Y–G)、845(G)、955:1225(A–U)、986:1219(U–A)及び987:1218(G–C)で構成される[66]

歴史

[編集]
  • 1938年にKrasilni’kovはミクロモノスポラ科をミクロモノスポラ属Micromonospora)のみの科として提案した[1]
  • 1990年にGoodfellowは形態学的・化学的分類法によってアクチノプラネス属(Actinoplanes)、ダクチロスポランギウム属(Dactylosporangium)、及びピリメリア属(Pilimelia)をミクロモノスポラ科に移動するよう提案した[63]
  • 1996年にKochらはミクロモノスポラ科の16S rRNA遺伝子配列の解析を行い、カテラトスポラ属(Catellatospora)、カテヌロプラネス属(Catenuloplanes)、及びコウチオプラネス属(Couchioplanes)をミクロモノスポラ科に移動するよう提案し、且つ形態学的・化学的特性が異なる新属が加入したことに伴い同科の説明の修正を提案した[65]。このとき、同科は放線菌目(Actinomycetales)に分類された。同年に同提案が承認された[67]
  • 1997年にStackebrandtらは放線菌目にミクロモノスポラ亜目(Micromonosporineae)を新設しそこにミクロモノスポラ科を分類するよう提案した。また、ミクロモノスポラ科の16S rDNAのヌクレオチド配列のシグネチャパターンを明らかにした[68]。同年に同提案は承認された[69]
  • 2009年にZhiらは16S rRNA遺伝子配列の解析を更新し、タイプ属のミクロモノスポラ属(Micromonospora)のほか、Actinocatenispora Thawai et al. 2006、アクチノプラネス属(Actinoplanes Couch 1950)、アサノア属(Asanoa Lee and Hah 2002)、カテラトスポラ属(Catellatospora Asano and Kawamoto 1986)、カテヌロプラネス属(Catenuloplanes Yokota et al. 1993)、コウチオプラネス属(Couchioplanes Tamura et al. 1994)、ダクチロスポランギウム属(Dactylosporangium Thiemann et al. 1967)、ロンジスポラ属(Longispora Matsumoto et al. 2003)、ピリメリア属(Pilimelia Kane 1966)、Polymorphospora Tamura et al. 2006、Planosporangium Wiese et al. 2008、Pseudosporangium Ara et al. 2008、サリニスポラ属(Salinispora Maldonado et al. 2005)、スピリリプラネス属(Spirilliplanes Tamura et al. 1997)、ベルコシスポラ属(Verrucosispora Rheims et al. 1998)、及びバルジスポランジウム属(Virgisporangium Tamura et al. 2001)が分類されることを確認し、またシグネチャー配列の情報が更新された[66][70]
  • 2018年にNouiouiらによって放線菌門の全ゲノム解析が行われ、ほかの多くの分類項目とともにミクロモノスポラ科の説明が修正された[64]

系統発生

[編集]

現在受け入れらている分類体系はList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)に従う[62]。下記の系統樹は全ゲノム解析の結果に基づく[64][注釈 1]

ミクロモノスポラ目

Actinocatenispora

ロンジスポラ属
Longispora

Catelliglobosispora

Hamadaea

ダクチロスポランギウム属
Dactylosporangium)

カテヌロプラネス属
Catenuloplanes

シュードスポランギウム属
Pseudosporangium

アクチノプラネス属
Actinoplanes

アサノア属
Asanoa

サリニスポラ属
Salinispora

ミクロモノスポラ属
Micromonospora

外群

グライコマイセス目
(Glycomycetales)

注釈

[編集]
  1. ^ ActinorhabdosporaAllocatelliglobosisporaAllorhizocolaCatellatosporaCouchioplanesKrasilnikoviaLuedemannellaMangrovihabitansPhytohabitansPhytomonosporaPilimeliaPlanosporangiumPlantactinosporaPolymorphosporaRhizocolaRugosimonosporaSpirilliplanes、及びVirgisporangiumはこの系統樹には含まれていない。

脚注

[編集]
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  5. ^ a b Nimaichand Salam, Jian-Yu Jiao, Xiao-Tong Zhang, Wen-Jun Li (06 December 2019). “Update on the classification of higher ranks in the phylum Actinobacteria”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (2): 1331-1355. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003920. PMID 31808738. 
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  9. ^ Couch JN (1950). “Actinoplanes. A new genus of the Actinomycetales”. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 66: 87-92. 
  10. ^ Ratchanee Mingma, Kazuki Tanaka, Satoshi Ōmura, Yōko Takahashi, Atsuko Matsumoto (01 August 2016). “Actinorhabdospora filicis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (8): 3071-3077. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001145. PMID 27169368. 
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