利用者:ツバル/sandbox/カロルトン橋
| Carrollton Viaduct | |
|---|---|
 Carrollton Viaduct in 1971 | |
| 基本情報 | |
| 所在地 | Baltimore, Maryland |
| 交差物件 | Gwynns Falls |
| 用途 | Railroad |
| 管理者 | CSX Transportation |
| 着工 | 1828年 |
| 開通 |
1829 |
カロルトン橋 | |
| 所在地 | Gwynn's Falls near Carroll Park, Baltimore, Maryland |
| 建設 | 1829 |
| 建築家 | James Lloyd; Caspar Wever |
| NRHP登録番号 | 71001032[1] |
| 指定・解除日 | |
| NRHP指定日 | November 11, 1971[1] |
| NHL指定日 | November 11, 1971[2] |
| 構造諸元 | |
| 形式 | Arch bridge |
| 材料 | Granite |
| 全長 | 312フィート (95 m) |
| 高さ | 65フィート (20 m) |
| 桁下高 | 51フィート9インチ (15.8 m) |
| 最大支間長 | 80フィート (24 m) |
| 関連項目 | |
| 橋の一覧 - 各国の橋 - 橋の形式 | |
The Carrollton Viaduct, located over Gwynns Falls near Carroll Park in Baltimore, Maryland, is the first stone masonry bridge built for railroad use in the United States.
説明[編集]
Description[編集]
The bridge is currently one of the world's oldest railroad bridges still in use for rail traffic, carrying loads far greater than originally envisioned.[3][4] It was named after Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last living signer of the Declaration of Independence and a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, who laid the cornerstone on July 4, 1828.[5] As he laid the first stone he said, "I consider this among the most important acts of my life, second only to my signing the Declaration of Independence." Builder Caspar Wever and designer James Lloyd completed the structure for the railroad in November 1829, at an officially listed cost of $58,106.73. The actual cost of the construction may have been as high as $100,000.[6]
The bridge, 312 feet (95 m) in length, rises from its foundations about 65フィート (20 m). It is 51フィート9インチ (15.8 m) above Gwynns Falls. It consists of a full-centered arch with a clear span length of 80フィート (24 m) over the stream, and a space for two railroad tracks on its deck. To provide an underpass for a wagon road, an arched passageway, 16フィート (5 m) in width, was built through one of the masonry-walled approaches. Originally planned as one arch of 40フィート (12 m) chord, the dimensions were enlarged to quiet the concern of the proprietor of the mills located immediately above the bridge site, who feared that 40 feet would be insufficient if the stream was flooded. The heavy granite blocks which form the arches and exterior walls were procured from Ellicott's Mills and Port Deposit.[7] A temporary wooden framework supporting the central span held 1,500 tons (1,360 tonnes) of this stone during construction. A white cornerstone at one end of the bridge bears the inscription "James Lloyd of Maryland, Builder A.D. 1829."
Andrew Jackson, the first President of the United States to ride on a railroad train, crossed the bridge on a trip between Ellicott's Mills and Baltimore on June 6, 1833. The Carrollton Viaduct has provided continual service to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and its modern corporate successor, CSX Transportation.
The viaduct was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971 and was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day.[2][8]
In 1982 the viaduct was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
関連項目[編集]
- Baltimore Terminal Subdivision
- List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland
- List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
参考文献[編集]
- Notes
- ^ a b National Park Service (9 July 2010). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
{{cite web}}: Cite webテンプレートでは|access-date=引数が必須です。 (説明) - ^ a b “Carrollton Viaduct”. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007年2月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年10月8日閲覧。
- ^ Johns Hopkins University, Department of Civil Engineering. “Carrollton Viaduct”. 2010年6月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2006年4月5日閲覧。
- ^ “1825 Skerne Bridge, Darlington”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ John Moody (1919). “The Railroad Builders”. 2006年4月6日閲覧。 (The HAER report states that the cornerstone was laid in May 1828.)
- ^ Dilts, James D. (1993). The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore & Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad, 1828-1853. Stanford University Press. pp. 75. ISBN 0-8047-2629-9
- ^ Laura Rice. Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900. p. 82
- ^ W. Brown Morton III (August 5, 1971) (pdf). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Carrollton Viaduct. National Park Service.. Accompanying 2 photos, from 1971. (320 KiB)
- Works cited
- Cook, Richard J. (1987). The Beauty of Railroad Bridges in North America -- Then and Now. San Marino, California (USA): Golden West Books. ISBN 0-87095-097-5
- “Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Carrollton Viaduct”. Historic American Engineering Record. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress (1984年). 2014年5月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。 "Significance" section.
外部リンク[編集]
- American Society of Civil Engineers - Carrollton Viaduct
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. MD-9, "Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Carrollton Viaduct, Spanning Gwynn's Falls near Carroll Park, Baltimore, Independent City, MD", 5 photos, 3 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- en:Template:MHT url, including photo, at Maryland Historical Trust
Category:ボルチモアの建築物 en:Carrollton Viaduct en:Special:Permalink/751370190