利用者:加藤勝憲/DeviceNet

DeviceNetは、オートメーション業界でデータ交換のために制御装置を相互接続するために使用されるネットワークプロトコルである。DeviceNetは、Controller Area Networkメディアレイヤ上のCommon Industrial Protocolを利用し、さまざまなデバイスプロファイルをカバーするアプリケーションレイヤを定義している。 代表的なアプリケーションには、情報交換、安全装置、大規模なI/O制御装置などがある。

eviceNet is a network protocol used in the automation industry to interconnect control devices for data exchange. It utilizes the Common Industrial Protocol over a Controller Area Network media layer and defines an application layer to cover a range of device profiles. Typical applications include information exchange, safety devices, and large I/O control networks.

開発・規格制定の経緯

DeviceNetはもともと、アメリカのAllen-Bradley社（現在はRockwell Automation社傘下）によって開発された。ボッシュが開発したCAN（Controller Area Network）技術の上にアプリケーション層のプロトコルを載せたものである[2]。DeviceNetはCommon Industrial Protocolの技術を応用し、CANの利点を生かしているため、従来のRS-485ベースのプロトコルに比べて低コストで堅牢なものとなっている。

eviceNet was originally developed by American company Allen-Bradley (now owned by Rockwell Automation). It is an application layer protocol on top of the CAN (Controller Area Network) technology, developed by Bosch. DeviceNet adapts the technology from the Common Industrial Protocol and takes advantage of CAN, making it low-cost and robust compared to the traditional RS-485 based protocols.

世界中でDeviceNetの使用を促進するため、ロックウェル・オートメーションは「オープン」コンセプトを採用し、サードパーティー・ベンダーに技術を共有することを決定した。そのため、DeviceNetは現在、北米の独立組織であるODVAによって管理されている。ODVAはDeviceNetの仕様を維持し、DeviceNetの進歩を監督している。 さらにODVAは、コンフォーマンステストとベンダー適合性を提供することで、DeviceNet標準への準拠を保証している。

In order to promote the use of DeviceNet worldwide, Rockwell Automation has adopted the "open" concept and decided to share the technology to third-party vendors. Hence it is now managed by ODVA, an independent organization located in North America. ODVA maintains specifications of DeviceNet and oversees advances to DeviceNet. In addition, ODVA ensures compliance to DeviceNet standards by providing conformance testing and vendor conformity.

ODVAはその後、DeviceNetを前身の傘下に戻し、この技術を総称して共通産業プロトコル（Common Industrial Protocol、CIP）と呼ぶことにした：

• EtherNet/IP
• ControlNet
• DeviceNet

ODVAは、共通プロトコルの適応による3つの技術間の高い整合性を主張しており、他の技術に比べて産業用制御をはるかにシンプルにしている。

DeviceNetはIEC 62026-3として標準化されている。

Architecture

技術概要ȕOSI 7層アーキテクチャモデル（物理層、データリンク層、アプリケーション層）を定義する。

1. Network in addition to the signal, but also including power, self-powered support network function (generally used in small devices, such as photo detectors, limit switches or proximity switches, etc.) [2]
2. Allows three bit rates: 125 kbit/s, 250 kbit/s and 500 kbit/s, the main trunk under different bit rates (trunk) is inversely proportional to the length and bitrate
3. Flat cable network can be used
4. Single network can have up to 64 nodes, node address (called MAC ID in DeviceNet) by 0–63. Usually the default address for a new out of the box device is 63
5. Duplicate node address detection function
6. Supports master-slave and end-to-end (peer-to-peer) communication architecture, but most of the equipment is operating in the former network architecture
7. Multiple network allows a single master function
8. Can be used in high-noise environments

物理層

Nodes are distributed along a DeviceNet network by the means of a trunkline-dropline topology. This topology allows for ease in wiring and access to the network from multiple taps. In addition, nodes can be easily removed and added to reduce production downtime, increase network flexibility, and decrease troubleshooting time. Since the physical layer is optically isolated from the device, communication power and device power can share the same bus (further reducing the complexity of the network and components within). (Introduction)

DeviceNet supports 125 kbit/s, 250 kbit/s and 500 kbit/s data rates. Depending on the chosen cable type, DeviceNet can support communication up to 500 meters (using round, large diameter cable). Typical round cable supports up to 100 meters, while flat-style cable supports up to 380 meters at 125 kbit/s and 75 meters at 500 kbit/s. (Physical Layer )

データリンク層

DeviceNet uses a differential serial bus (Controller Area Network) as its Data Link Layer. Using CAN as a backbone, DeviceNet requires minimal bandwidth to transmit and package messages. In addition, a smaller processor may be selected in the design of the device thanks to the data frame format and the ease at which the processor can parse the data. See below for full format. (The Data Link Layer)

1 bit      => Start of frame
11 bits    => Identifier
1 bit      => RTR bit
6 bits     => Control field
0–8 bytes  => Data field
15 bits    => CRC sequence
1 bit      => CRC delimiter
1 bit      => Acknowledge
1 bit      => Ack delimiter
7 bits     => End of frame
>2 bits    => Interframe space

Reference: Table: Data Frame Format.

Upon transmitting the first packet of data, the Start of Frame bit is sent to synchronize all receivers on the network. The CAN identifier (denoted from 0–63) and RTR bit combine to set priority, at which the data can be accessed or changed. Lower identifiers have priority over higher identifiers. In addition to transmitting this data to other devices, the device also monitors the data sent. This redundancy validates the data transmitted and eliminates simultaneous transmissions. If a node is transmitting at the same time as another node, the node with the lower 11 bit identifier will continue to transmit while the device with the higher 11 bit identifier will stop. (Introduction & Physical Layer.)

The next six bits contain information for specifying the Control Field. The initial two bits are fixed, while the last four are used to specify length field of the Data Field. The Data Field contains from zero to eight bytes of usable data. (Physical Layer.)

The following data frame is the CRC field. The frame consists of 15 bits to detect frame errors and maintains numerous format delimiters. Due to ease of implementation and immunity to most noisy networks, CAN provides a high level of error checking and fault confinement. (Physical Layer.)

Network

DeviceNet incorporates a connection-based network. A connection must initially be established by either an UCMM (Unconnected Message Manager) or a Group 2 Unconnected Port. From there, Explicit and Implicit messages can be sent and received. Explicit messages are packets of data that generally require a response from another device. Typical messages are configurations or non-time sensitive data collection. Implicit messages are packets of data that are time-critical and generally communicate real-time data over the network. An Explicit Message Connection has to be used to established first before an Implicit Message Connection is made. Once the connection is made, the CAN identifier routes data to the corresponding node. (The Network and Transport Layers.)

関連項目

• Common Industrial Protocol
• EtherNet/IP
• ControlNet
• CANopen

外部リンク

• Website of the Open DeviceNet Vendor Association

Notes

[[Category:ファクトリーオートメーション]] [[Category:未査読の翻訳があるページ]]