利用者:森藍亭/作業場02
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国際標準模式層断面および地点の一覧は、1977年から、国際層序委員会(ISC)の決議及び勧告に基づき国際地質科学連合(IUGS)が批准した国際標準模式層断面及び地点を、一覧形式でまとめたものである。 Since GSSPs require well-preserved sections of rock without interruptions in sedimentation, and since most are defined by different stages of animal life, defining them becomes progressively more difficult as one goes further back in time.
Organization of this list
[編集]This list is divided first into the geologic eras of the Phanerozoic (the Cenozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Paleozoic) and then into the geologic periods of each era. Each period is marked below the era bar on top of its subdivided epochs and stages. Each stage is assigned an age in mya, an acronym for million years ago, which is the age at which it began. Most of these ages are derived from astronomical cycles in sediments, magnetic data, biostratigraphic data, and radiometric dating methods. The GSSP assigned to each stage is that stage's lower boundary and oldest point.
Ages are given in "million year ago" (mya). They are obtained with different radiometric dating methods depending on the type of rock and its age. Ages that have a tilde (~) prefix are approximate ages for GSSPs that have not been defined or not been accurately dated.
The Status column has a "golden spike" for every GSSP which has been formally agreed by the ICS. Those without have only candidate sections which have not yet been formally ratified. The clock stands for times that are currently defined only by an age.
The "Defining markers" column lists the evidence in the rock used to define the boundary. (Ideally, these are applicable in rock sections worldwide.) Most of the boundaries rely on the fossil record (biologic), paleomagnetic data (magnetic), and/or climate data determined by carbon and oxygen isotopes.
List
[編集]| 統 | 階 | 年代 (Ma) | 状態 | GSSPの位置 | 定義となる指標 | 経度・緯度 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 完新統 | 0.011784 |  |
NGRIP2[1] 氷床コア, グリーンランド内陸部 | 北緯75度06分00秒 西経42度19分12秒 / 北緯75.1000度 西経42.3200度 | [1] | ||
| 更新統 | |||||||
| 上部更新統 | |||||||
| 中部更新統 | |||||||
| カラブリアン | 1.80 | |
Vrica Section, |
|
北緯39度02分19秒 東経17度08分05秒 / 北緯39.0385度 東経17.1348度 | [2] | |
| ジェラシアン | 2.58 | |
聖ニコラ山（モンテ・サン・ニコラ）,シチリア島, イタリア |
|
北緯37度08分49秒 東経14度12分13秒 / 北緯37.1469度 東経14.2035度 | [3] | |
| 統 | 階 | 年代 (Ma) | 状態 | GSSPの位置 | 定義となる指標 | 経度・緯度 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鮮新統 | |||||||
| ピアセンジアン階 | 3.6 | |
Punta Piccola Section, |
|
北緯37度17分20秒 東経13度29分36秒 / 北緯37.2889度 東経13.4933度 | [4] | |
| ザンクリアン階 | 5.333 | |
Heraclea Minoa section |
|
北緯37度23分30秒 東経13度16分50秒 / 北緯37.3917度 東経13.2806度 | [5] | |
| 中新統 | |||||||
| メッシニアン階 | 7.246 | |
Oued Akrech section, |
|
北緯33度56分13秒 西経6度48分45秒 / 北緯33.9369度 西経6.8125度 | [6] | |
| トートニアン階 | 11.63 | |
Monte dei Corvi Beach section, |
|
北緯43度35分12秒 東経13度34分10秒 / 北緯43.5867度 東経13.5694度 | [7] | |
| サーラバリアン階 | 13.82 | |
Ras il Pellegrin section, |
|
北緯35度54分50秒 東経14度20分10秒 / 北緯35.9139度 東経14.3361度 | [8] | |
| ランギアン階 | 15.97 | Candidate sections:
|
|
- | [9] | ||
| バーディガリアン階 | 20.44 | Candidate sections:
|
|
- | [9] | ||
| アキタニアン階 | 23.03 | |
Lemme-Carrosio Section, |
|
北緯44度39分32秒 東経8度50分11秒 / 北緯44.6589度 東経8.8364度 | [10] |
| 統 | 階 | 年代 (Ma) | 状態 | GSSPの位置 | 定義となる指標 | 経度・緯度 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 漸新統 | |||||||
| チャッティアン階 | 28.1 | Candidate section: |
|
- | - | ||
| ルベリアン階 | 33.9 | |
Massignano quarry section, |
|
北緯43度31分58秒 東経13度36分04秒 / 北緯43.5328度 東経13.6011度 | [11] | |
| 始新統 | |||||||
| プリアボニアン階 | 38.0 | Alano section, |
|
- | - | ||
| バートニアン階 | 41.3 | Contessa highway section |
|
- | - | ||
| ルテシアン階 | 47.8 | |
Gorrondatxe sea-cliff section, |
|
北緯43度22分47秒 西経3度00分51秒 / 北緯43.3796度 西経3.0143度 | [12] | |
| ヤプレシアン階 | 56.0 | |
Dababiya section, |
|
北緯25度30分00秒 東経32度31分52秒 / 北緯25.5000度 東経32.5311度 | [13][14] | |
| 暁新統 | |||||||
| サネティアン階 | 59.2 | |
Zumaia Section, |
|
北緯43度17分59秒 西経2度15分39秒 / 北緯43.2996度 西経2.2609度 | [15] | |
| セランディアン階 | 61.6 | |
Zumaia Section, |
|
北緯43度17分57秒 西経2度15分40秒 / 北緯43.2992度 西経2.2610度 | [15] | |
| ダニアン階 | 66.0 | |
El Kef Section, |
|
北緯36度09分13秒 東経8度38分55秒 / 北緯36.1537度 東経8.6486度 | [16] |
| 統 | 階 | 年代 (Ma) | 状態 | GSSPの位置 | 定義となる指標 | 経度・緯度 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neoarchean | Template:Geologic Ages Inline |  |
|||||
| Mesoarchean | Template:Geologic Ages Inline | |
|||||
| Paleoarchean | Template:Geologic Ages Inline | |
|||||
| Eoarchean | Template:Geologic Ages Inline | |
|||||
| Hadean | 4567 |
See also
[編集]- Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
- International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)
- Geologic Time Scale
- History of the Earth
- Geological history of Earth
External links
[編集]References
[編集]- ^ Walker, Mike; Johnsen, Sigfus; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Popp, Trevor; Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder; Gibbard, Phil; Hoek, Wim; Lowe, John; Andrews, John; Bjorck, Svante; Cwynar, Les C.; Hughen, Konrad; Kershaw, Peter; Kromer, Bernd; Litt, Thomas; Lowe, David J.; Nakagawa, Takeshi; Newnham, Rewi; Schwander, Jakob (1 January 2009). “Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records”. Journal of Quaternary Science 24 (1): 3?17. doi:10.1002/jqs.1227.
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- ^ Hilgen, F. J.; Hayfaa Abdul Aziz, David Bice, Silvia Iaccarino, Wout Krijgsman, Klaudia Kuiper, Alessandro Montanari, Isabella Raffi, Elena Turco, Willem-Jan Zachariasse (2005). “The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Tortonian Stage (Upper Miocene) at Monte Dei Corvi”. Episodes 28 (1): 6–17 14 September 2012閲覧。.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>タグです。「GSSP Web」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ^ Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry, W. A. Berggren, M. Biolzi, A. M. Borsetti, Julie E. Cartlidge, F. Cati, R. Corfield, R. Gelati, S. Iaccarino, C. Napoleone, F. Ottner, F. Rögl, R. Roetzel, S. Spezzaferri, F. Tateo, G. Villa, D. Zevenboom (1997). “The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene”. Episodes 20 (1): 23–28 14 September 2012閲覧。.
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- ^ a b Schmitz, B.; Pujalte, V., Molina, E., Monechi, S., Orue-Etxebarria, X., Speijer, R. P., Alegret, L., Apellaniz, E., Arenillas, I., Aubry, M.-P., Baceta, J.-I., Berggren, W. A., Bernaola, G., Caballero, F., Clemmensen, A., Dinarès-Turell, J., Dupuis, C., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Orús, A. H., Knox, R., Martín-Rubio, M., Ortiz, S.,Payros, A., Petrizzo, M. R., von Salis, K., Sprong, J., Steurbaut, E., and Thomsen, E. (2011). “The global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain”. Episodes 34 (4): 220–243.
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