利用者:片割れ靴下/オーストラリア森林火災 (2019年-2020年)

影響を受ける地域[編集]

ニューサウスウェールズ州[編集]

サウスコースト[編集]

9月6日、州北部がすさまじく燃え上がる火災の脅威に見舞われた。危険が発生しました。ドレイク（英語版）周辺のロング・ガリー・ロード（Long Gully Road）の火災は10月末まで燃え続け、2人が死亡、43棟の家屋が全焼・半壊した[1]。マウント・マッケンジー・ロード（Mount McKenzie Road）の火災は、テンターフィールド（英語版）郊外の南部にも燃え広がり、重傷者を1人出したほか、家屋5棟が全焼・半壊した。エボール（英語版）周辺のビーズネスト（Bees Nest）の火災は、11月12日まで燃え続け、7棟の家屋を焼き尽くした[2]。

ミッドノースコースト[編集]

[ 引用が必要 ]

ヒルビル（Hillville）では、高温・強風という悪条件が重なったために火災が拡大し、北部の町のタリーで混乱が生じた。当地では、火災の脅威が一層高まる前に、児童や生徒を家へ送り届ける通学バスが早めに運航した。11月9日には、火災がオールドバー（英語版）とワラビ岬（Wallabi Point）に達し、数多くの建物が脅威にさらされた。さらにその2日後にはティノニー（英語版）やタリーサウスにまで到達し、タリーサービスセンター（Taree Service Centre）目前まで炎が迫った。消防飛行機は本サービスセンターを防護するために施設に水を投下した。その後、火災はわずかな間、ナビアック（英語版）の方に燃え広がったが、風にあおられてフェイルフォード（Failford）の方に転進した。そのほか、レインボーフラット（Rainbow Flat）・Khappinghat・Kooringhat・パーフリート（英語版）が被害を受けた。最終的に、313平方キロメートル（日本の自治体に置き換えると群馬県前橋市一個分）を燃やし尽くした[3][4]。

ディンゴトップス国立公園（Dingo Tops National Park）では、小火が非常事態宣言を発布する大火までになり、小さな村のボビン（英語版）では、多数の家屋と公立学校が火災で焼損する被害が出た [5]。 [ 引用が必要 ] 2019年の世界ラリー選手権の最終ラウンドとして設けられていたラリー・オーストラリア（英語版）は、11月14日から17日にかけて、コフスハーバーで開催される予定だった[6]が、開催日の1週間前から火災が周辺地域に悪影響を与え始めた。状況の悪化に伴い、主催者は大会縮小に動き出した[7]が、更なる状況悪化を受けて出場チームらから狭義の中止を繰り返し求められ、開催目前の11月12日に開催中止が発表された[8][9]。

ブルーマウンテンズとホークスベリー[編集]

ゴスパーズ山（Gospers Mountain）の火災（2019年12月撮影）

11月にウォレマイ国立公園（英語版）のゴスパーズ山で大規模な火災が発生し、4970平方キロメートル（日本の自治体に置き換えると福岡県一個分）が焼き尽くされ、ホークスベリー（英語版）とリスゴー（英語版）地域の家屋が火災の脅威にさらされた。この火災は、セントラル・コースト・カウンシル（英語版）方向に燃え広がり、ワイズマンズフェリー（英語版）をはじめとする家屋が火災に巻き込まれるのではないかと予想された。 

ブルーマウンテンズ（英語版）をゴスパーズ山の山火事から守るため、消防隊は12月14日にマウント・ウィルソン（英語版）とマウント・アーバイン（英語版）で計画的な野焼きを敢行した。しかし、過剰な燃料と不安定な気象条件がために、計画的だったはずの野焼きは急速に管理できなくなり、マウント・ウィルソンとマウント・アーバインの家屋を火災の危険にさらすこととなってしまった。火災は最終的にマウント・アーバイン・ロード（Mount Irvine Road）を12月15日に飛び越えて、マウント・トーマ（英語版）、ベランビング（英語版）、ビルピン（英語版）に燃え移った。この火災により、これらの地域の多くの家屋や建造物が焼失した[10]。
ベルズ・ライン・オブ・ロード（Bells Line of Road）沿いの焼損した道路標識

On 19 December the Gospers Mountain fire impacted on the Darling Causeway between Mount Victoria and Bell, it later jumped the Darling Causeway and impacted the Grose Valley and the fire would be split into two fires: Grose Valley fire and Gospers Mountain fire. On 21 December, a catastrophic day, the Grose Valley fire impacted Mount Victoria, Blackheath, Bell, Clarence, Dargan and Bilpin with resultant destruction of dozens of homes. On the same days both the Gospers Mountain fire and the Grose Valley fire moved towards Kurrajong. Back burning operations were put in place to save Kurrajong and surrounds and to save all Blue Mountains towns from Katoomba to Winmalee.

By 15 December, the Gospers Mountain fire had grown to 350,000ヘクタール (860,000エーカー), making it the biggest forest fire in Australian history.[11] As of 27 December, the Gospers Mountain fire had burnt over 500,000ヘクタール (1,200,000エーカー);[12] and, after burning approximately 512,000ヘクタール (1,270,000エーカー) across the Lithgow, Hawkesbury and Central Coast local government areas, the NSW Rural Fire Service reported the fire as contained on 12 January 2020, stating that the fire was caused by a lightning strike on 26 October.[13]

メトロポリタンシドニー[編集]

George Street in the Sydney CBD blanketed by smoke in December 2019
Bushland in Prospect Hill, Sydney charred after grass fire.
Firefighters work to save a burning house from an out-of-control bushfire in South West Sydney
Fire crews move in to protect properties from an out-of-control bushfire in South West Sydney

On 12 November, under Sydney's first ever catastrophic fire conditions, a fire broke out in the Lane Cove National Park south of Turramurra. Under strong winds and extreme heat the fire spread rapidly, growing out of control and impacting the suburban interface across South Turramurra. One house caught alight in Lyon Avenue, but was saved by quick responding firefighters. As further crews arrived and worked to protect properties, a C-130 Air Tanker made several fire retardant drops directly over firefighters and houses, saving the rest of the suburb. The fire was ultimately brought under control several hours later, with one firefighter injured suffering a broken arm.[14][15][16]

Because of the bushfires occurring in the surrounding regions, the Sydney metropolitan area suffered from dangerous smoky haze for several days throughout December, with the air quality being eleven times the hazardous level in some days,[17][18] making it even worse than New Delhi's,[19] where it was also compared to "smoking 32 cigarettes" by Associate Professor Brian Oliver, a respiratory diseases scientist at the University of Technology Sydney.[20]

On 31 December, a grass fire broke out in the sloped woodlands of Prospect Hill, in Western Sydney, where it headed north towards Pemulwuy along the Prospect Highway. The fire impacted a large industrial area and threatened numerous properties before being brought under control by 9:30pm. Approximately 10ヘクタール (25エーカー) and a number of historic Monterey pine trees were burnt.[21]

The Sydney City fireworks display was allowed to continue with a special exemption from fire authorities, despite protests.[22] Despite warnings from authorities, numerous fires were sparked across Sydney as a result of illegal fireworks, including a blaze which threatened properties at Cecil Hills in Sydney's south west.[23]

On 4 January, Sydney’s western suburb Penrith recorded its hottest day on record at 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) making it the hottest place on Earth at the time.[24]

On 5 January, a fire broke out in bushland at Voyager Point in Sydney's south-west, spreading rapidly under a strong southerly wind and impacting numerous houses in Voyager Point and Hammondville.[25] As the fire moved north, authorities closed the M5 Motorway due to smoke conditions and prepared for the fire to impact the New Brighton housing estate. Firefighters on the ground assisted by numerous waterbombing aircraft held the fire south of the motorway and prevented any property losses, containing the fire to 60ヘクタール (150エーカー).[26]

サザンハイランド[編集]

In late October, a number of fires started in remote bushland near Lake Burragorang in the Kanangra-Boyd National Park south-west of Sydney. Due to the extreme isolation of the area and rugged inaccessible terrain, firefighters struggled to contain the fires as they began to spread through the dense bushland. These multiple fires ultimately all merged together to become the Green Wattle Creek fire. The fire continued to grow in size and intensity, burning towards the township of Yerranderie. Firefighters undertook backburning around the town whilst helicopters and fixed wing aircraft worked to control the spread of the fire. The fire passed Yerranderie but continued to burn through the national park towards south-western Sydney. On 5 December under severe weather conditions, the fire jumped the Lake Burragorang and began burning towards populated areas within the Wollondilly area.

Large out-of-control bushfire approaches the New South Wales township of Yanderra

On 19 December, the fire continued east towards the Hume Highway (resulting in its closure for several hours), impacting the township of Yanderra. Over the following days as the fire continued to progress to the south east, both Yerrinbool and Hill Top were threatened by the fire.[27]

As well as expanding to the south and east, the fire also spread in a westerly direction, headed towards Oberon. The Oberon Correctional Centre was evacuated in anticipation of the advancing fire impact along its western flank.[28] On 2 January, the fire hit the popular and historic Jenolan Caves area, destroying multiple buildings including the local fire station. The centrepiece of the precinct, Jenolan Caves House, was saved.[29]

South Coast[編集]

On 30 December weather conditions drastically deteriorated across the south-eastern areas of the state, with major fires breaking out and escalating in the Dampier State Forest, Deua River Valley, Badja, Bemboka, Wyndham, Talmalolma and Ellerslie, hampering firefighters already stretched by the Currowan, Palerang and Clyde Mountain fires.[30] As temperatures were forecast to reach 41 °C (106 °F) on the South Coast, Premier Berejiklian declared a seven-day state of emergency on 2 January 2020 with effect from 9 am on the following day, including an unprecedented "tourist leave zone" for 14,000平方キロメートル (5,400 sq mi) from Nowra to the edge of Victoria's northern border.[31][32][33]

2020年1月2日 (2020-01-02)現在, the Currowan fire was burning between Batemans Bay in the south, Nowra in the north, and east of Braidwood in the west. The fire had burnt more than 258,000ヘクタール (640,000エーカー) and was out of control. The Currowan fire had merged with the Tianjara fire in the Morton National Park to the south west of Nowra; and the Charleys Forest fire had grown along the fire's western flank; and on the fire's southern flank, the fire had merged with the Clyde Mountain fire.[34]

By 26 December, the Clyde Mountain fire was burning on the southern side of the Kings Highway, into the Buckenbowra and Runnyford areas. Around 4 am on 31 December, the fire had crossed the Princes Highway near Mogo, and the highway was closed between Batemans Bay and Moruya.[35] Around 7 am on 31 December, the fire impacted the southern side of Batemans Bay, causing the loss of around ten businesses and damage to many others. The fire also crossed the Princes Highway in the vicinity of Round Hill and impacted the residential suburbs of Catalina, as well as beach suburbs from Sunshine Bay to Broulee. Residents and holiday makers were forced to flee to the beaches.[31]

At nearby Lake Conjola, numerous homes were lost as the embers jumped across the lake, landing in gutters and lighting up houses. On one street there were only four houses still standing. 2020年1月2日 (2020-01-02)現在, at least two people died and a woman was missing.[36] Isolated hamlets of Bendalong and Manyana and Cunjurong Point were additionally ablaze, with holiday-makers evacuated on 3 January 2020. 2020年1月6日 (2020-01-06)現在, all are still without power.[37]

Riverina[編集]

Firefighters described what they believed to be a tornado generated by the fire storm, which began flattening trees and flipped a small fire vehicle. The tornado then impacted a crew of firefighters working to protect a property, flipping their tanker over and trapping the crew inside, who were then overrun by fire. One firefighter was killed with multiple others injured, with one airlifted to Melbourne and two to Sydney.[38][39][40][41][42][43]

Snowy Mountains[編集]

The Dunns Road fire was believed to have been started by a lightning strike on 28 December in a private pine plantation near Adelong.[44][45] In the Snowy Valleys local government area, by 2 January 2020 the Dunns Road fire had burnt south of the Snowy Mountains Highway in the Ellerslie Range near Kunama. Over 130,000ヘクタール (320,000エーカー) was burnt and the fire was out of control. The NSWRFS issued an evacuation order to residents in the Batlow and Wondalga areas. Residents and visitors to the Kosciuszko National Park were evacuated and the national park was closed. 155 inmates from the Mannus Correctional Centre near Tumbarumba were evacuated.[46][47][48][49]

On 3 January 2020, the Dunns Road fire burned from Batlow into Kosciuszko National Park, burning much of the northern part of the park. The fire caused significant damage, severely damaging the Selwyn Snow Resort, destroying structures in the town of Cabramurra and almost completely destroying the heritage-listed precinct (and birthplace of skiing in Australia) of Kiandra. Kiandra's historic former courthouse[50] was left with only its walls standing after a fire so hot that the glass and aluminium in the windows melted.[51] A number of high country huts, including Wolgal Hut and Pattinsons Hut near Kiandra, were also feared to have been destroyed.[52] By 11 January three fires had mergedTemplate:Spaced endashthe Dunns Road fire, the East Ournie Creek, and the Riverina's Green Valley fireTemplate:Spaced endashand had created a 600,000ヘクタール (1,482,632エーカー) "mega-fire", burning south of the Snowy Mountains.[53]

On 21 November, lightning strikes ignited a series of fires in East Gippsland, initially endangering the communities of Buchan, Buchan South and Sunny Point.[54] On 20 December, the Marthavale-Barmouth Spur expanded, greatly endangering the community of Tambo Crossing.[要出典] [[Category:未査読の翻訳があるページ]]

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  52. ^ Jervis-Bardy, Dan (2020年1月7日). “'Pretty confronting': Selwyn vows to rebuild after bushfire devastates ski resort”. Canberra Times. https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6568647/pretty-confronting-selwyn-vows-to-rebuild-after-dunns-road-bushfire-devastates-ski-resort/ 2020年1月10日閲覧。 
  53. ^ Gorrey, Megan; Levy, Matt; Bungard, Megan (2020年1月11日). “Southern Highlands blaze flares as two massive fires merge in Snowy Valley”. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/fires-on-the-nsw-and-victorian-border-likely-to-merge-as-winds-worsen-20200110-p53qby.html 2020年1月12日閲覧。 
  54. ^ “Residents told to leave now as twin East Gippsland bushfires bear down” (英語). The Age (2019年12月9日). 2019年12月9日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年12月9日閲覧。
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