利用者:Athomeinkobe/ORCID

ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)とは科学及びその他の学術の著作者を一意に識別するため、非専売の英数字コードである。[1][2][3][4] デジタルオブジェクト識別子 (DOI)と似ているように、人間に対し、持続的な識別を提供する。[5] ORCIDは、よくある名字を使う名前、結婚によって変わる名前、つづりが異なる名前などの理由によって、科学または人文科学の文献へ著作者の貢献を特定する困難の問題に取り組む。

The ORCID organization offers an open and independent registry intended to be the de facto standard for contributor identification in research and academic publishing. On 16 October 2012, ORCID launched its registry services [6][7] and started issuing user identifiers.[8]

開発と開始[編集]

ORCID was first organized as the "Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative".[9] A prototype was developed on software adapted from that used by Thomson Reuters for its ResearcherID system.[10] The registry is now an independent nonprofit organization, ORCID, Inc.,[11] incorporated in August 2010. Its executive Director, Laure Haak, was appointed in April 2012.[12] ORCID is freely usable and interoperable with other ID systems.[1] ORCID launched its registry services and started issuing user identifiers on 16 October 2012.[6] Formally, ORCID IDs are specified as URIs,[13] for example, the ORCID for John Wilbanks is http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-0385.[14] However, some publishers use the short form, e.g. "ORCID: 0000-0002-4510-0385".[15][16]

ORCID is a subset of the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI),[17] under the auspices of the International Organization for Standardization (as ISO 27729) and the two organizations are cooperating. ISNI will uniquely identify contributors to books, television programmes, and newspapers, and has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID,[17][18] in the range 0000-0001-5000-0007 to 0000-0003-5000-0001.[19] It is therefore possible for a person to legitimately have both an ISNI and an ORCID[20][21] - effectively, two ISNIs.

Both ORCID and ISNI use 16-character identifiers,[18] using the digits 0–9, and separated into groups of four by hyphens.[16] The final character, which may also be a letter "X" representing the value "10" (for example, Nick Jennings' ORCID is http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-248X[16][22]), is a MOD 11-2 check digit conforming to the ISO/IEC 7064:2003 standard.

An ORCID account for a fictitious person, Josiah Carberry, exists as http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097, for use in testing and training examples.[23]

用途[編集]

The aim of ORCID is to aid "the transition from science to e-Science, wherein scholarly publications can be mined to spot links and ideas hidden in the ever-growing volume of scholarly literature".[24] Another suggested use is to provide each researcher with "a constantly updated ‘digital curriculum vitae’ providing a picture of his or her contributions to science going far beyond the simple publication list."[1] The idea is that other organizations will use the open-access ORCID database to build their own services.

It has been noted in an editorial in Nature that ORCID, in addition to tagging the contributions that scientists make to papers, "could also be assigned to data sets they helped to generate, comments on their colleagues’ blog posts or unpublished draft papers, edits of Wikipedia entries and much else besides".[1]

In April 2014, ORCID announced plans to work with the Consortia Advancing Standards in Research Administration Information to record and acknowledge contributions to peer review.[25]

参加する組織、寄付者、登録者[編集]

By the end of 2013 ORCID had 111 member organizations and over 460,000 registrants.[26][27][28] On 15 November 2014, ORCID announced the one-millionth registration.[29] The organizational members include many publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and Nature Publishing Group. Others are research institutions (among them Caltech and Cornell University), commercial companies including Thomson Reuters, academic societies and a charitable foundation, the Wellcome Trust.[30]

In June 2014, ORCID announced that it had appointed Andy Mabbett as its Wikipedian in Residence.[31]

利用[編集]

Nick Jennings' ORCID in his Wikidata entry

In addition to members and sponsors, journals, publishers, and other services have included ORCID in their workflows or databases. For example, the Journal of Neuroscience,[32][33] Springer Publishing,[34] the Hindawi Publishing Corporation,[16] Europe PubMed Central,[35] the Japanese National Institute of Informatics's Researcher Name Resolver,[36] Wikipedia,[37] and Wikidata.[38]

Some online services have created tools for exporting data to, or importing data from, ORCID. These include Scopus[39] and Figshare.[40] Thomson Reuters have enabled data exchange between ORCID and its ResearcherID system, and vice versa.[41]

Third-party tools allow the migration of content from other services into ORCID, for example ODIN, for DataCite[42] and Mendeley2ORCID, for Mendeley.[43]

Some ORCID data may also be retrieved as RDF.[44]

参照[編集]

引用[編集]

  1. ^ a b c d Editorial (2009). "Credit where credit is due". Nature. 462: 825. doi:10.1038/462825a
  2. ^ ORCID website
  3. ^ News (30 May 2012) "Scientists: your number is up: ORCID scheme will give researchers unique identifiers to improve tracking of publications.", Declan Butler, "Nature". 485: 564 doi:10.1038/485564a
  4. ^ “Ten things you need to know about ORCID right now”. ImpactStory (2014年4月10日). 2014年4月15日閲覧。
  5. ^ CrossRef & ORCID
  6. ^ a b “ORCID Launches Registry”. 2012年10月18日閲覧。
  7. ^ “ORCID vs ISNI; ORCID lanceert vandaag hun Author Register - Artikel - SURFspace”. 2012年10月24日閲覧。
  8. ^ “Register for an ORCID iD”. 2012年10月18日閲覧。
  9. ^ “Welcome to the Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative (or ORCID) group on Nature Network”. 2012年10月23日閲覧。
  10. ^ “Press Release: ORCID funding and development efforts on target” (2011年8月15日). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。 “ORCID also announced today that Thomson Reuters has provided ORCID with a perpetual license and royalty free use of ResearcherID code and intellectual property, giving ORCID the critical technology to create its system” [リンク切れ]
  11. ^ Craig Van Dyck. “Wiley-Blackwell Publishing News: An Update on the Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID)”. 2012年10月23日閲覧。
  12. ^ Butler, Declan (2012年5月30日). “Scientists: your number is up”. Nature. 2014年5月31日閲覧。
  13. ^ “Trademark and iD Display Guidelines”. ORCID. 2013年8月21日閲覧。
  14. ^ “Structure of the ORCID Identifier”. ORCID. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  15. ^ “Template ORCID”. Wikipedia. 2015年2月16日閲覧。
  16. ^ a b c d “Hiroshi Asakura”. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  17. ^ a b “ISNI and ORCID”. ISNI. 2013年3月29日閲覧。[リンク切れ]
  18. ^ a b “What is the relationship between ISNI and ORCID?”. 2012年10月23日閲覧。
  19. ^ “Structure of the ORCID Identifier”. ORCID. 2014年7月23日閲覧。
  20. ^ “ISNI 0000000031979523”. ISNI. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  21. ^ “ORCID 0000-0001-5882-6823”. ORCID. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  22. ^ “Nick Jennings”. ORCID. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  23. ^ “Josiah Carberry” (html). Biography. ORCID, Inc. 2014年12月22日閲覧。 “Josiah Carberry is a fictitious person.”
  24. ^ ORCID: About us
  25. ^ “Latest news on the stm publishing industry from scope e knowledge center pvt ltd” (2014年4月9日). 2014年4月15日閲覧。
  26. ^ “2013 Year in review”. ORCID, Inc. 2014年2月1日閲覧。
  27. ^ “Members”. ORCID, Inc. 2013年7月20日閲覧。
  28. ^ O'Beirne, Richard. “OUP and ORCID”. Oxford Journals. 2014年4月15日閲覧。
  29. ^ “Tweet”. ORCID (2014年11月15日). 2014年11月15日閲覧。 “It’s official! 1M of you have an ORCID iD! We thank the community, and look forward to continued collaboration.”
  30. ^ ORCID Sponsors
  31. ^ Haak, Laure (2014年6月10日). “Announcing ORCID's Wikipedian-in-Residence”. 2014年7月19日閲覧。
  32. ^ “Announcements”. Journal of Neuroscience (2014年4月). 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  33. ^ “The Journal of Neuroscience Rolls Out ORCID Integration”. Society for Neuroscience. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  34. ^ “Author Zone 16 - ORCID”. Springer Publishing. 2014年4月21日閲覧。
  35. ^ “ORCID Article Claiming”. Europe PubMed Central. 2014年5月16日閲覧。
  36. ^ “ORCID integration”. Researcher Name Resolver. National Institute of Informatics. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  37. ^ Wikipedia authors. “Category:Wikipedia articles with ORCID identifiers”. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  38. ^ Wikidata contributors. “Pages that link to "Property:P496"”. Wikdiata. Wikimedia Foundation. 2014年4月20日閲覧。
  39. ^ “Scopus2Orcid - Use the Scopus to Orcid Author details and documents wizard to collect all your Scopus records in one unique author profile”. Scopus. 2014年5月7日閲覧。
  40. ^ “figshare ORCID integration”. Figshare. 2014年5月7日閲覧。
  41. ^ “RID - ORCID Integration - IP & Science”. Thomson Reuters. 2013年3月29日閲覧。
  42. ^ Thorisson, Gudmundur (2013年5月13日). “New ORCID-integrated data citation tool”. ODIN Project. 2014年5月7日閲覧。
  43. ^ “Mendeley to ORCID”. 2014年5月7日閲覧。
  44. ^ “Q&D RDF Browser”. 2014年6月17日閲覧。

外部リンク[編集]

ウィキデータにはORCIDのプロパティであるP496があります。（使用状況）


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