利用者:DarulPak/sandbox3
ラホール・メトロバス(Lahore Metrobus, لاہور میٹرو بس)はパキスタンのパンジャーブ州州都ラホールで運行されている、パキスタン初のバス高速輸送システム。[1]パンジャーブ州公共交通局(Punjab Masstransit Authority)が運営しており、2013年2月11日にガッジュマタ(Gajjumata)からシャーダラー(Shahdara)間の27kmが開業した。
歴史
[編集]1984年にラホールの交通渋滞を緩和しバスサービスを改善するため、ラホール・トランスポート社(Lahore Transport Company LTC)が設立された。同社は2009年12月からラホール市内全域の輸送責任を担うことになり、バス高速輸送システム向けのバス650台を導入。名前をラホール・バス社(Lahore Bus Company)と改めた。しかしバス高速輸送システム用の専用車線がなく、一般車道と道を共有する必要があったため、結果として名ばかりのシステムとなっていた。
計画
[編集]20年にわたる議論の末、1991年に提案された野心的な鉄道路線計画であったラホール・メトロは放棄され、コロンビアのボゴタで成功したトランスミレニオやイスタンブールのメトロバスを参考にした高速バス輸送システムが採用された。計画は2011年に地元ラホールとトルコの専門家によって策定された。
建設
[編集]建設工事は多くの請負業者に分割発注された。建設費用は計296.5億パキスタン・ルピーで、発注元はラホール開発局(Lahore Development Authority)の外局にあたる交通工学計画庁(Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency)。重量鉄骨と支柱の工事はハッジ・ムハンマド・アスラム＆サンズ・クレイニジ社(HMA)(Haji Muhammad Aslam (HMA) and Sons Cranage (Pvt.) Ltd)が、高架ロータリーを含む高架道路の建設はザーヒル・ハーン＆ブラザーズ社(Zahir Khan & Brothers)とリライアブル・エンジニアリング・サービス社(Reliable Engineering Services (Pvt) Ltd.)の合弁会社が担当した。なおトルコ政府が建設から運行までのノウハウに関する支援を行った。2012年3月に建設が始まり、2013年2月にバス運行を開始した。2013年2月11日のバス運行開始式典には当時の首相であったナワーズ・シャリーフやパンジャーブ州首相で弟のシャハバーズ・シャリーフ、トルコの副首相バクル・ブズダー(Bekir Bozdağ)や各国の大使が出席した。イスタンブール市長のカディル・トプバシュ(Kadir Topbaş)は式典で100台のバス贈呈を発表した。
運行
[編集]Lahore MBS currently operates a fleet of 66 buses. The buses run on a single 28.7 km long Ferozepur Road corridor with two other corridors being planned. Buses on the current route have an average speed of 26 km/h.[2] The system uses e-ticketing and Intelligent Transportation System wand. System operations are managed by the Punjab Metrobus Authority (PMBA), though IT services are handled in coordination with Punjab IT Board.
Following the initiation ceremony, use of the system was to be free during the first month. However, following a week of chaos and overcrowding, a fare of Rs. 20 (US$0.2) was imposed irrespective of the destination.[3]
According to the Lahore Transport Company, the daily ridership of the Metrobus exceeds 180,000[4] with the peak hourly ridership being 10,000 passengers per hour per direction (p/h/d). Studies conducted by the transport company claim that this figure will increase by 222% to 20,000 p/h/d in 2021.[2] To keep the cost affordable for everyone Punjab Government has to pay Rs 40 as subsidy on each Re 20 ticket.[5][6][7]
デザイン
[編集]The Lahore Metrobus meets the criteria laid out by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. It has barrier-controlled, automated off-board fare collection, a service interval of less than 2 minutes during peak hours, stations with well-designed signage and information systems and a precision bus docking system (See: Guided Bus). The terminal approach system has escalators and underground, subway-styled approach tubes. Due to these approach tubes, prospective passengers don't have to cross high-speed roads to get to the stations, but go below them instead, an example of a segregated Right-of-way.[8] The stations have parking spaces for motorbikes and cycles while the two terminals provide car-parking facilities as well.[9]
発券業務
[編集]Two types of ticketing systems exist at the Metrobus terminals:
- Single-ride tokens that are good for one journey only and can be purchased for Rs. 30 (US$0.19) at the on-site ticket booth or the self-service Ticket Vending Machines (TVM).
- Metrobus Cards that can be utilized for multiple journeys. These RFID-based cards are credit-card sized and are previously available at the Metro Bus ticket offices for a refundable amount of Rs. 130 (US$1.33) but are free of cost since December 2017 on showing your national identity card or Form-B in case you are younger than 18. These cards can be recharged to a maximum balance of Rs. 1000 (US$10) at the TVMs. The Metrobus cards remove the hassle of standing in a queue for a token and card-holders can proceed directly to the terminal.[10] Same card can also be used on the feeder routes of Metro Bus.
延伸計画
[編集]The Punjab Government in April 2015 approved the expansion of Lahore Metrobus. 15 km track will added on current route. On Northern end it will be expanded 10 km from Shahdara to Kala Shah Kaku and on Southern end it will be expanded 5 km from Gajjumata to Kahna.[11]
事故
[編集]Overheating vehicles, May 2013
[編集]During late May 2013, the Metrobuses started to develop an over-heating problem as the temperatures in the city crossed 45°C. The air-conditioners gave way and the engines started blowing fumes. Passengers had to bear sweltering heat in the congested buses as well as constant stoppages.[12] Punjab Metrobus Authority's public relations officer, Amir Masood, told the media that when the buses were imported the manufacturers, Sweden-based Volvo and China-based Sunwin, were told to provide buses that could remain operational in temperatures approaching 51 °C. When the operation error came to surface, Masood said that the suppliers are being fined and the further import of buses from them is halted. To counter the problem, new air-conditioning units were fitted in the buses in late June 2013.[13]
関連プロジェクト
[編集]The Punjab Government, in the development program of 2013-14, proposed similar Metrobus projects for Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Multan.[14] Metrobus in Islamabad and Rawalpindi was inaugurated on 4 June 2015 by the Prime Minister.[15] Multan Metrobus was inaugurated on 24 January 2017 by PM Nawaz Sharif. Karachi Metrobus and Faisalabad Metrobus[16] have also been planned and their construction has just been started.
関連記事
[編集]- Orange Line Metro Train, Lahore
- Transport in Lahore
- Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus
- Multan Metrobus
- Peshawar Metrobus
- Karachi Metrobus
出典
[編集]- ^ “Metro Bus Lahore Pakistan -Rapid Bus Transport”. pakvisit.com. 2018年6月9日閲覧。
- ^ a b “Lahore BRT System Study”. Lahore Transport Company. 2 November 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。7 August 2013閲覧。
- ^ “Hustle of Metro Bus fades after withdrawal of free service”. The Nation. 2013年3月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年6月29日閲覧。
- ^ 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>タグです。「facebook.com」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ^ Rs2b subsidy on metro bus as CM refuses fare hike|http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-5-186033-Rs2b-subsidy-on-metro-bus-as-CM-refuses-fare-hike
- ^ Metro Bus Service: Punjab pays Rs5m per day as subsidy|http://tribune.com.pk/story/780840/metro-bus-service-punjab-pays-rs5m-per-day-as-subsidy/
- ^ Is Metro Bus a success story?|http://nation.com.pk/lahore/23-Jan-2014/is-metro-bus-a-success-story
- ^ Khan, Gulraiz. “Metrobus: A folly or far-sighted?”. The Express Tribune. 29 June 2013閲覧。
- ^ “PMA - Frequently Asked Questions”. Punjab Metrobus Authority. 29 June 2013閲覧。
- ^ “Travel Cards & Tokens”. Punjab Metrobus Authority. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ Khan, Rameez. “Public transport: Govt to order studies on new Metro Bus projects”. The Express Tribune. 6 August 2013閲覧。
- ^ Aziz, Umair. “Metro Malfunctions: Imported Buses Can't Bear Local Heat”. Pakistan Today. 29 June 2013閲覧。
- ^ Khan, Ramiz. “Hot in here: Metro buses to test new air-conditioners this week”. The Express Tribune. 29 June 2013閲覧。
- ^ “Metro bus to hit Pindi, Faisalabad and Multan roads soon”. Pakistan Today. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ “PM Nawaz Sharif to inaugurate Rawalpindi Islamabad Metro Bus Service Today”. The News Teller. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ “Shahbaz Sharif Announces Metro Bus Service for Faisalabad” (April 15, 2017). April 16, 2017閲覧。
外部リンク
[編集]Template:Lahore Metrobus Template:Public transport in Lahore Template:Bus rapid transit in Pakistan