利用者:Gakugaku ys/sandbox

「 02:19, 9 March 2021　UTC から翻訳準備のためコピー」

02:19, 9 March 2021　UTC

持続可能性（英：Sustainability）とは、ある状態が将来にわたって存在し続けることである。現在では一般的に、地球上の生物圏と人類の文明が共存していくことを指す。また、人間が恒常的にバランスが取れる範囲で環境に対して働きかけていくこと、つまり資源開発、投資の方向性、技術開発の方向性、そして制度の変化が常に結びつき、現在と将来のニーズや願望を満たす可能性を高めていくこと、とも定義することができる。持続可能性は主に、「環境」「経済」「社会」という３つの互いに関連する分野によって構成される、と考えられている。

Sustainability is the ability to exist constantly. In the 21st century, it refers generally to the capacity for Earth's biosphere and human civilization to co-exist. It is also defined^{[by whom?]} as the process of people maintaining change in a homeostasis-balanced environment, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations.^{[failed verification]} For many in the^[which?] field, sustainability is defined through the following interconnected domains or pillars: environmental, economic and social, which according to Fritjof Capra,^{[need quotation to verify]} is based on the principles of systems thinking.

Sub-domains of sustainable development have been considered^{[by whom?]} also: cultural, technological and political. According to Our Common Future, sustainable development is defined as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Sustainable development may be the organizing principle of sustainability, yet others may view the two terms as paradoxical (seeing development as inherently unsustainable). Sustainability can also be defined^{[by whom?]} as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.^{[need quotation to verify][self-published source?]} An ideal is by definition unattainable in a given time and space. However, by persistently and dynamically approaching it, the process results in a sustainable system.^{[self-published source?]} Many^[quantify] environmentalists and ecologists argue that sustainability is achieved through the balance of species and the resources within their environment. As is typically practiced in natural resource management, the goal is to maintain this equilibrium, available resources must not be depleted faster than resources are naturally generated.

Modern use of the term "sustainability" is broad and difficult to define precisely. Originally, "sustainability" meant making only such use of natural, renewable resources that people can continue to rely on their yields in the long term. The concept of sustainability, or Nachhaltigkeit in German, can be traced^{[by whom?]} back to Hans Carl von Carlowitz (1645–1714), and was applied to forestry.

"Healthy" ecosystems and environments are necessary for the survival of humans and other organisms.^{[citation needed]} Ways of reducing undesirable human impact may include environmentally-friendly chemical engineering, environmental resources management, environmental protection, and human-population control. Information is gained^{[by whom?]} from green computing, green chemistry, earth science, environmental science and conservation biology. Ecological economics studies the fields of academic research that aim to address human economies and natural ecosystems.^{[need quotation to verify]}

Moving towards sustainability can involve social challenges that entail international and national law, urban planning and transport, supply-chain management, local and individual lifestyles and ethical consumerism. Ways of living more sustainably can take many forms, such as:

• reorganizing living conditions (e.g., ecovillages, eco-municipalities and sustainable cities)
• reappraising economic sectors (permaculture, green building, sustainable agriculture) or work practices (sustainable architecture)
• using science to develop new technologies (green technologies, renewable energy and sustainable fission and fusion power)
• designing systems in a flexible and reversible manner
• adjusting individual lifestyles to conserve natural resources

In sum, "the term 'sustainability' should be viewed^{[by whom?]} as humanity's target goal of human-ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while 'sustainable development' refers to the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the endpoint of sustainability". Despite the increased popularity of the use of the term "sustainability", the possibility that human societies will achieve environmental sustainability has been, and continues to be, questioned^{[by whom?]}—in light of environmental degradation, climate change, overconsumption, population growth and societies' pursuit of unlimited economic growth in a closed system.