利用者:Hipland/ほんのん

The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists. There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type. Additionally, different classification systems exist for each major type of rock.^[1] There are three major types of rock: igneous rock, metamorphic rock, and sedimentary rock.

Igneous rocks

→詳細は「Igneous rock」を参照

Adakite
Andesite
Alkali feldspar granite
Anorthosite
Aplite
Basalt
- ʻAʻā – Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance
- Pāhoehoe – Basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance
Basaltic trachyandesite
- Mugearite
- Shoshonite
Basanite
Blairmorite
Boninite
Carbonatite
Charnockite
- Enderbite
Dacite
Diabase、もしくはdolerite
Diorite
- Napoleonite、もしくはcorsite
Dunite
Essexite
Foidolite
Gabbro
Granite
Granodiorite
Granophyre
Harzburgite
Hornblendite
Hyaloclastite
Icelandite
Ignimbrite
Ijolite
Kimberlite
Komatiite
Lamproite
Lamprophyre – An ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass
Latite – A silica-undersaturated form of andesite
Lherzolite – An ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite
Monzogranite – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
Monzonite – a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz
Nepheline syenite – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar
Nephelinite – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline
Norite – A hypersthene-bearing gabbro
Obsidian
Pegmatite
Peridotite
Phonolite – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite
Phonotephrite – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite
Picrite – An olivine-bearing basalt
Porphyry
Pumice
Pyroxenite - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of >90% pyroxene
Quartz diorite – A diorite with >5% modal quartz
Quartz monzonite – An intermediate plutonic rock, essentially a monzonite with 5–10% modal quartz
Quartzolite – An intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz
Rhyodacite – A felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite
Rhyolite
- Comendite
- Pantellerite
Scoria
Shonkinite – a plutonic rock
Sovite – A coarse-grained carbonatite rock
Syenite – A plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar; a type of granitoid
Tachylyte – Essentially a basaltic glass
Tephriphonolite – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite
Tephrite – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock
Tonalite – A plagioclase-dominant granitoid
Trachyandesite – An alkaline intermediate volcanic rock
- Benmoreite - sodic trachyandesite
Trachybasalt – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte
- Hawaiite – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island (hot spot) volcanism
Trachyte – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
Troctolite – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase
Trondhjemite – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase
Tuff
Websterite – A type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene
Wehrlite - An ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene

Sedimentary rocks

→詳細は「Sedimentary rock」を参照

Limey shale overlaid by limestone. Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee

Argillite
Arkose
Banded iron formation
Breccia
Calcarenite
Chalk
Chert
Claystone
Coal
Conglomerate
Coquina
Diamictite
Diatomite
Dolomite (rock)、もしくはDolostone
Evaporite
Flint
Geyserite
Greywacke
Gritstone
Itacolumite
Jaspillite
Laterite
Lignite
Limestone
Marl
Mudstone
Oil shale
Oolite
Phosphorite – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals
Sandstone
Shale
Siltstone
Sylvinite
Tillite
Travertine
Tufa
Turbidite
Wackestone

Metamorphic rocks

→詳細は「Metamorphic rock」を参照

Banded gneiss with a dike of granite orthogneiss

Manhattan Schist, from Southeastern New York

Anthracite
Amphibolite
Blueschist
Cataclasite – A rock formed by faulting
Eclogite
Gneiss
Granulite
Greenschist – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles
Hornfels
- Calcflinta – A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands
Litchfieldite – Nepheline syenite gneiss
Marble – a metamorphosed limestone
Migmatite
Mylonite – A metamorphic rock formed by shearing
Metapelite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
Metapsammite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
Phyllite – A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
Pseudotachylite – A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
Quartzite – A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of >95% quartz
Schist
Serpentinite
Skarn
Slate - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts
Suevite – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
Talc carbonate – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
- Soapstone – Essentially a talc schist
Tectonite – A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation
Whiteschist – A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite

Specific varieties

The following are terms for rocks that are not petrographically or genetically distinct but are defined according to various other criteria; most are specific classes of other rocks, or altered versions of existing rocks. Some archaic and vernacular terms for rocks are also included.

Adamellite – A variety of quartz monzonite
Appinite – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
Aphanite
Borolanite – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
Blue Granite
Epidosite
Felsite
Flint
Ganister
Gossan
Hyaloclastite
Ijolite
Jadeitite
Jasperoid – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
Kenyte - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
Lapis lazuli - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
Larvikite
Litchfieldite – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
Llanite – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
Luxullianite
Mangerite
Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
Novaculite – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
Pietersite
Pyrolite – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the Earth's upper mantle
Rapakivi granite
Rhomb porphyry – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
Rodingite – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
Shonkinite – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
Taconite
Tachylite
Teschenite – A silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro
Theralite – A nepheline gabbro
Unakite – An altered granite
Variolite
Vogesite – A variety of lamprophyre
Wad (mineral) – A rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxide

References

^ “BGS Rock Classification Scheme - Igneous - Metamorphic - Sedimentary - Superficial”. British Geological Survey (BGS). 2019年5月28日閲覧。

External links

[BGS_Rock_Classification_Scheme_-_Igneous_-_Metamorphic_-_Sedimentary_-_Superficial-1] “BGS Rock Classification Scheme - Igneous - Metamorphic - Sedimentary - Superficial”. British Geological Survey (BGS). 2019年5月28日閲覧。

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