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Tojo-tei house
[編集]Tojo-tei house is a villa built by Akitake Tokugawa, the last (11th) lord of the Mito clan, in Matsudo town, Higashi Katsushika country, Chiba Prefecture (present-day Matsudo City, Matsudo) [1].
It is one of the Japanese important cultural propertie, the garden is designated as a nationally designated Siteof Scenic Beauty as old Akitake Tokugawa Garden (Tojo-tei Garden). It is also selected as one of the 100 Fuji scenic spots in the Kanto region.
Outline
[編集]In the Edo period, Matsudo-juku was a post town on the Mito-kaido Road connecting Edo and Mito. Matsudo Shrine, located near the Tojo-tei house, has gingko trees associated with Mitsukuni Tokugawa, the second feudal lord of the Mito clan, and the area has long had close ties with the Mito clan. The Tojo-tei house was completed in 1884 on the Shimosa plateau overlooking the Edo River, and was the villa used as the living space of Shobu Tokugawa. The word "Tojo" in Tojo-tei house means "outer castle," and Tojo-dai, the hill on which Tojo-tei house stands, is said to have been located on the outer wall of Matsudo Castle (Matsunami Castle), which was built in the area.
It is said that his own brother, former shogun Yoshinobu Tokugawa , visited the house several times in the 1890s [2] and enjoyed his hobbies such as photography and pottery with Akitake Tokugawa. The house is also known as a historical residence, where many members of the imperial family stayed for long periods of time. In 1892, Akitake Tokugawa's son, Takesada Tokugawa, was granted a viscountcy by a special order, and the house became the main residence of the Tokugawa family in Matsudo [3].
Old Akitake Tokugawa Garden
[編集]The Old Akitake Tokugawa Garden is a garden created in the Tojo-tei house. It is also known as the Tojo-tei Garden. It is said to be the oldest existing Western-style garden with lawn in Japan [4][5]。.
Incorporating the knowledge he gained from his five-year stay in Europe and the United States, including his studies in France, and his participation in the Paris Expo, Akitake Tokugawa began full-scale landscaping in 1884 and completed the garden six years later in 1890 [4]. The garden is divided into the Shoin-style garden bordering the Tojo-tei house and the pavilion garden to the south of it [6].
The garden consists of a flat large area with lawn and a small hill, and the planting of Japanese inumaki as a symbolic tree in the lawn creates a unique landscape. The garden is also surrounded by a forest consisting of sudajii, kunugi, and konara. The garden was designed to incorporate borrowed scenery, which is a traditional technique of Japanese gardens, by selecting an excellent scenic spot on a hill to have a full view of the rice field landscape [7].
Based on the photographs taken by Akitake Tokugawa, the work to restore the stepping stones and trees as they were in the past was completed in May 2018 [8].
External link
[編集]- ^ “歴史公園100選に選定 松戸「戸定が丘歴史公園」 最後の水戸藩主ゆかり”. 千葉日報 (千葉日報社): p. 朝刊 15. (2007年4月13日)
- ^ 松戸市戸定歴史館『最後の将軍 徳川慶喜』松戸市戸定歴史館、1998/4/28-6/21、204頁。
- ^ 松戸市戸定歴史館『プリンス・トクガワの生涯』松戸市戸定歴史館、1991年11月3日、41頁。
- ^ a b “甦った幻の徳川の庭～旧徳川昭武庭園の復元工事が完了～｜松戸市”. www.city.matsudo.chiba.jp. 2019年7月31日閲覧。
- ^ 粟野隆「明治期東京の近代邸宅空間における洋風庭園の様式と空間」『ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌』第68巻第5号、日本造園学会、2005年3月、381-384頁、doi:10.5632/jila.68.381、ISSN 13408984、NAID 110006655403。 にあるとおり、戸定邸の庭園竣工以前に存在した洋風庭園はいくつかあったことが知られる。
- ^ “戸定邸庭園の魅力をご紹介（千葉県松戸市）”. 庭園ガイド. 2019年7月31日閲覧。
- ^ 千葉県. “旧徳川昭武庭園（戸定邸庭園）”. 千葉県. 2019年7月31日閲覧。
- ^ 千葉松戸・日本最古の洋風庭園「戸定邸」造園時の姿に あずまや、飛び石など再現『毎日新聞』朝刊2018年5月17日（都内面）2018年5月29日閲覧。