利用者:TAKAHASHI Shuuji/反科学
表示
反科学(はんかがく、英語: antiscience)とは、科学および科学的手法を拒否するような、思想やそのような世界の理解の仕方である[1]。反科学的な考え方をする人々は、普遍的な知識を得ることができる客観的な方法として科学を受け入れない。また、特に科学的な還元主義は、複雑な世界を理解するためには本質的に限られた手段にすぎないと主張する。
政治
[編集]Elyse AmendとDarin Barneyは、反科学は物事を説明するためにも使われるが、むしろ政治的に対立している相手の信頼を効果的に傷つけるためにレトリックとしてよく使われ、反科学の主張は必ずしも正当化されるわけではないと論じている。
Right-wing
[編集]反科学のメディア
[編集]主要な反科学のメディアとしては、ポータルサイトnaturalnews.com、Global Revolution TV、TruthWiki.org、TheAntiMedia.org、GoodGopherなどがある。また、反科学的な見解は、ソーシャルメディア上で、フェイクニュースを支援することで有名なweb brigadesなどの組織によって支えられてきた[2]:124。
* Anarcho-primitivism
- Anti-intellectualism
- Anti-psychiatry
- Creation science
- Modern Flat Earth societies
- Bruno Latour
- Denialism
- Philosophical skepticism
- Ernst Cassirer
- Eugenics
- Faith and rationality
- Fundamentalism
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Giambattista Vico
- Greedy reductionism
- Green conservatism
- Holism
- Idealism
- Johann Georg Hamann
- Johann Gottfried Herder
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Neo-Luddism
- Platonism
- Politicization of science
- Postmodernism
- Pseudoskepticism
- Radical environmentalism
- Reactionary
- Science wars
- Social Darwinism
- Sokal affair
- Subjective idealism
- Technological dystopia
- Technophobia
- Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic
- William Morris
- William R. Steiger
出典
[編集]参考文献
[編集]- A Bullock & S Trombley [Eds.], The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought, third edition, London: Harper Collins, 1999
- Burger, P and Luckman, T, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966
- Collins, Harry and Pinch, Trevor, The Golem. What everyone should know about science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993
- Gross, Paul R and Norman Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994
- Gerald Holton, Science and anti-science, Harvard University Press, 1993 ISBN 0-674-79299-8
- Knorr-Cetina, Karin D, & Mulkay, Michael, Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science, Sage Publications Ltd, 1983
- Knorr-Cetina, Karin D, Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge, Harvard University Press, 1999
- Levins, R. "Ten propositions on science and antiscience" in Social Text, 46/47:101–11, 1996.
- Levins, R. "Touch Red," in Judy Kaplan an Linn Shapiro, eds., Red Diapers: Growing up in the Communist Left, U. of Illinois, 1998, pp. 257–66.
- Levins, R. Dialectics and systems theory in Science and Society 62(3):373–99, 1998.
- Levins, R. "The internal and external in explanatory theories", Science as Culture, 7(4):557–82, 1998.
- Levins, R. and Lopez C. "Toward an ecosocial view of health", International Journal of Health Services 29(2):261–93, 1999.
- Nye, Andrea, Words of Power: A Feminist Reading of the History of Logic, London: Routledge, 1990
- Pepper, David, The Roots of Modern Environmentalism, London: Routledge, 1989
- Ullica Segerstrale (Ed), "Beyond the Science Wars: the missing discourse about science and society," Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000, ISBN 0-7914-4618-2
- Vining, Joseph, On the Future of Total Theory: Science, Antiscience, and Human Candor, Erasmus Institute papers, 1999
- Leviathan and the Air Pump Schapin and Shaffer (covers the conflict between Hobbes and Boyle).
- The Scientific Outlook by Bertrand Russell (sets out the limits of science from the perspective of a vehement campaigner against anti-science).
- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume (The first major work to point out the limits of inductive reasoning, the 'new tool of science').
- Against Method by Paul Feyerabend (probably the individual most accused of reinvigorating anti-science, although some claim that he is in fact strengthening the scientific debate).
外部リンク
[編集][[Category:疑似科学]] [[Category:科学への批判]] [[Category:批判]] [[Category:反知性主義]] [[Category:科学哲学]]
- ^ Gerald Holton (1993). Science and Anti-science. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674792999
- ^ Dariusz Jemielniak; Aleksandra Przegalinska (18 February 2020). Collaborative Society. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-35645-9