利用者:Yumisong/sandbox11
なぜ偉大な女性芸術家はいなかったのか は、1971年にアメリカの美術史家リンダ・ノックリンによって書かれたフェミニストの美術史と美術理論の両方から、先駆的な論考とみなされている[1]。
内容[編集]
この論考でノックリンは、西洋の女性が芸術で成功することを妨げてきた（個人ではなく）制度的な障壁について検証している。彼女は議論をいくつかのセクションに分け、始めのセクションは論考の題名に暗示されている疑問に対し、次に「ヌードの疑問（The Question of the Nude）」、「女性の業績（The Lady's Accomplishment）」、「成功（Successes）」、「ローザ・ボヌール（Rosa Bonheur）」と続く。
In her introduction, she acknowledges "the recent upsurge of feminist activity" in America as a condition for her interrogation of the ideological foundations of art history, while also invoking John Stuart Mill's suggestion that "we tend to accept whatever is as natural".[2] In her conclusion, she states: "I have tried to deal with one of the perennial questions used to challenge women's demand for true, rather than token, equality by examining the whole erroneous intellectual substructure upon which the question 'Why have there been no great women artists?' is based; by questioning the validity of the formulation of so-called problems in general and the 'problem' of women specifically; and then, by probing some of the limitations of the discipline of art history itself."[3]
Publication history and legacy[編集]
First published in 1971 as "Why Are There No Great Women Artists?" in Woman in Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness,[4] Nochlin's essay was revised, retitled "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" and published in ArtNews. It was also released with other essays and photographs in Art and Sexual Politics: Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?[5][6][7] The essay has been reprinted regularly since then, including in Nochlin's Women, Art, and Power and Other Essays[8] and Women Artists: The Linda Nochlin Reader.[9]
"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" is generally considered required reading for the fields of feminist art history and feminist art theory inasmuch as it calls out the institutional barriers to the visual arts that women in the Western tradition historically faced. Nochlin considers the history of women's lack of art education as well as the nature of art and of artistic genius as they are currently defined. The essay has also served as an important impetus for the rediscovery of women artists, followed as it was by the exhibition Women Artists: 1550-1950.[10] Eleanor Munro called it "epochal",[11] and according to Miriam van Rijsingen "it is considered the genesis of feminist art history".[1]
The essay's title and content have inspired a number of essays and publications about the absence of women in certain professional fields, such as "Why Are There No Great Women Chefs?" by Charlotte Druckman.[12] In 1989 an exhibition was held to increase visibility for women artists entitled Women's Work: the Montana Women's Centennial Art Survey Exhibition 1889-1989, inspired by Nochlin's groundbreaking contribution.
References[編集]
- ^ a b Rijsingen, Miriam van (1995). “How purple can it be?: Feminist art history”. In Rosemarie Buikema, Anneke Smeli. Women's Studies and Culture: A Feminist Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 94–105. ISBN 9781856493123
- ^ Nochlin, Linda (1988). Women, Art and Power & Other Essays.. United States: HARPER COLLINS (PA). pp. 145. ISBN 0064301834
- ^ Nochlin, Linda (1988). Women, Art and Power and Other Essays.. United States: HARPER COLLINS (PA). pp. 176. ISBN 0064301834
- ^ Nochlin, Linda (1971). “Why Are There No Great Women Artists?”. In Gornick, Vivian; Moran, Barbara. Woman in Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness. New York: Basic Books
- ^ Hess, Thomas B.; Baker, Elizabeth C., eds (1971). Art and Sexual Politics: Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists. New York: Macmillan
- ^ Mothersill, Mary (1974). “Review of Hess and Baker, Art and Sexual Politics: Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?”. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 32 (3): 435–36. doi:10.2307/428436. JSTOR 428436.
- ^ Leighninger, Jr., Robert D. (1977). “Review of Hess and Baker, Art and Sexual Politics: Why Have There been No Great Women Artists?”. Contemporary Sociology 6 (3): 303–4. doi:10.2307/2064782. JSTOR 2064782.
- ^ Nochlin, Linda (1988). Women, Art and Power and Other Essays.. United States: HARPER COLLINS (PA). ISBN 0064301834
- ^ Nochlin, Linda; Reilly, Maura, eds (2015). Women Artists: The Linda Nochlin Reader. New York: Thames & Hudson
- ^ Howe, Florence (1977). “Editorial”. Women's Studies Newsletter 5 (4): 2. JSTOR . 40042534 ..
- ^ Munro, Eleanor C. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. Da Capo. pp. 7, 531. ISBN 9780306809552
- ^ Druckman, Charlotte (2010). “Why Are There No Great Women Chefs?”. Gastronomica 10 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1525/gfc.2010.10.1.24. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2010.10.1.24.