美的現実主義

Thi Aesthetic Realism Foundation
	The Aesthetic Realism Foundation本部; （ニューヨーク・ソーホー)
設立者	イーライ・シーゲル (1902–78)
目的	人々、芸術、現実を理解し、それらをより尊重することに特化した哲学の普及
座標	北緯40度43分34秒西経73度59分56秒 / 北緯40.725989度西経73.99882度座標: 北緯40度43分34秒西経73度59分56秒 / 北緯40.725989度西経73.99882度
代表	エレン・リース、財団理事長
ウェブサイト	www.aestheticrealism.org
	テンプレートを表示

美的現実主義（びてきげんじつしゅぎ、英語: Aesthetic Realism）とは、アメリカの詩人、批評家であるイーライ・シーゲル（Eli Siegel 1902-1978）によって1941年に始まった哲学である^[1]。

解説

彼の定義によると、その哲学は3つの部分からなる：世界を好むこと、対立、そして軽蔑である^[2]。

美的現実主義が他の哲学と異なるのは、その人の世界全体に対する態度が人生において最も重要なものであり、恋愛、仕事、他人を含むあらゆるものの見方に影響を与えるものであるとする点にある。この立場によると、例えば人種差別は自分とは異なるものを軽蔑したいという欲求から始まると考えられる^[3]^[4]。

この哲学は主に、ニューヨークのソーホーにある機関、美的現実主義財団（the Aesthetic Realism Foundation）で教えられている。1980年代、財団は、美的リアリズム研究が同性愛から異性愛へと移行したという論争に直面した。そのため1990年に同財団は、このテーマに関する発表や相談を中止した^[5]。

哲学

イーライ・シーゲルは、美的現実主義の哲学を3つの部分からなる学問として説明した。

「ひとつは、人間の最も偉大で深い欲望は、世界を素直に好きになることである。二つ目は、世界を素直に好きになるための一つの方法は、自分自身の征服としてではなく、世界を相反するものの美的一体として見ることである。そして三つ目は、人間の最大の危険や誘惑は、自分ではないものを小さくすることから、誤った重要性や栄光を得ることである。さらに簡潔に言えば、これら3つの区分は次のように説明できる。世界を好むこと、対立、軽蔑である」^[6]^[7]

主な書籍

美的現実主義の哲学的基礎は、シーゲルによる2つの主要な書籍によって体系的に示された。ひとつは『Self and World』：An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism であり、1941年から1943年にかけて執筆された^[8]。精神医学、経済学、美学、自己対立における美学的方法、などを説明する各章は1946年に印刷され、最終的に全文は1981年に出版された。またそれは日常生活や心の理解にどのように応用できるかという観点から哲学を紹介しており、精神医学の美学的意味、愛と現実、子ども、自己の組織化、などの章がある（NY: Definition Press）^[9]。

第二の書籍である『Definitions, and Comments』は1945年に完成した『Description of the World』より、「存在」「幸福」「力」「成功」「現実」「関係」など134の用語を定義している。各用語について1文の定義が与えられ、その後に長い説明が続く。この作品は1978年から9年にかけて、雑誌『美的現実主義の知られる権利』に連載された^[10]。

美的現実主義財団

劇団美的リアリズム（Aesthetic Realism Theatre Company）

2009年10月21日、ワシントンDCでジェームズ・E・クライバーン下院議員による挨拶が行われた^[11]。

脚注

^ Cummings, Hon. Elijah E. (July 29, 2002). “Honoring Eli Siegel”. Congressional Record—Extension of Remarks: E1445–E1447.
^ Eli Siegel, "Aesthetic Realism: a Tripartite Study," The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #247 (21 December 1977) URL: http://www.aestheticrealism.net/tro/tro247.html.
^ Mkhondo, Rich (4 January 2012). “Racism deserves to get the red card”. Sunday Tribune, Durban, South Africa
^ The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #2034 (24 June 2020) URL: https://aestheticrealism.net/tro/like-of-the-world-versus-racism/.
^ "...Aesthetic Realism is, and always has been, for full, completely equal civil rights for everyone. And that includes the right to marry a person of whatever gender one chooses. As is well known, there is intense anger in America on the subject of homosexuality and how it is seen. Since this subject is definitely not central to Aesthetic Realism, and since the Aesthetic Realism Foundation has not wanted to be involved in that atmosphere of anger, in 1990 (nearly 30 years ago) the Foundation discontinued its presentation of the fact that through study of Aesthetic Realism people have changed from homosexuality, and consultations to do so stopped being given. That is because we do not want this matter, which is certainly not fundamental to Aesthetic Realism, to be used to obscure what Aesthetic Realism truly is: education of the largest, most cultural kind. https://aestheticrealism.org/a-note-on-aesthetic-realism-and-homosexuality/
^ The Dictionary of Psychology. Brunner-Routledge. (2002). pp. 24
^ Siegel, Eli (21 December 1977). “Aesthetic Realism: A Tripartite Study”. The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known 247.
^ Siegel, Eli (1981). Self and World: An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism. New York: Definition Press. ISBN 0-910492-27-1
^ D.E., Booklist, (American Library Association, 15 January 1982): "A distinguished poet and teacher, Siegel died in 1978. This posthumous publication combines his essays and articles to give a final overview of his philosophy, called Aesthetic Realism....Siegel's passionate, affirmative intelligence is deeply stirring, frequently convincing. This is one of the few 'human improvement' doctrines to merit philosophic respect."
^ "The Fight about Knowledge— in Schools & Everywhere," The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #1962 (20 September 2017) URL: http://www.aestheticrealism.net/tro/the-fight-about-knowledge-in-schools-and-everywhere.html.
^ CapitalWire, Culture, 1 Nov. 2009: "House Majority Whip James E. Clyburn gave opening remarks at a historic event on Capitol Hill in Washington, October 21st: The People of Clarendon County—A Play by Ossie Davis & the Answer to Racism!"

参考文献

Baird, Martha and Reiss, Ellen, eds. The Williams-Siegel Documentary. Including Williams' Poetry Talked about by Eli Siegel, and William Carlos Williams Present and Talking: 1952. New York: Definition Press, 1970. ISBN 0-910492-12-3 ISBN 0-910492-12-3.
Corsini, Raymond J. "Aesthetic Realism" in Handbook of Innovative Psychotherapies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981. ISBN 0-471-06229-4 ISBN 0-471-06229-4.
Hartzok, Alanna. "Earth Rights Democracy: Land, Ethics, and Public Finance Policy," paper presented at the Richard Alsina Fulton Conference on Sustainability and the Environment, 26–7 March 2004, Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
Herz, Nat. Konica Pocket Handbook: An Introduction to Better Photography (New York: Verlan Books, 1960).
Kranz, Sheldon, ed. The H Persuasion; How Persons Have Permanently Changed from Homosexuality through the Study of Aesthetic Realism With Eli Siegel (New York: Definition Press, 1971). ISBN 0-910492-14-X ISBN 0-910492-14-X
Matson, Katinka. "Aesthetic Realism" in The Psychology Today Omnibook of Personal Development. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1977. ISBN 0-688-03225-7 ISBN 0-688-03225-7.
"Foes Accuse Teachers of Cult," "'I threw out 15 years of my life,' says ex-follower," "Foundation Refutes 'Smear' Tactics", The New York Post, 8 February 1998.
Parker, Carol. "Filmmaker Tackles Homelessness Issues," Northport Journal, Huntington, New York, 16 December 1999.
Siegel, Eli. Self and World: An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism. New York: Definition Press, 1981. ISBN 0-910492-28-X ISBN 0-910492-28-X.
Siegel, Eli. "Civilization Begins," in The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #228, 10 August 1977.
Siegel, Eli. "Is Beauty the Making One of Opposites?" New York: Terrain Gallery, 1955; reprinted in the following periodicals: Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticism, December 1955; Ante, 1964; Hibbert Journal (London), 1964.

外部リンク

公式ウェブサイト

[1] Cummings, Hon. Elijah E. (July 29, 2002). “Honoring Eli Siegel”. Congressional Record—Extension of Remarks: E1445–E1447.

[2] Eli Siegel, "Aesthetic Realism: a Tripartite Study," The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #247 (21 December 1977) URL: http://www.aestheticrealism.net/tro/tro247.html.

[3] Mkhondo, Rich (4 January 2012). “Racism deserves to get the red card”. Sunday Tribune, Durban, South Africa

[4] The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #2034 (24 June 2020) URL: https://aestheticrealism.net/tro/like-of-the-world-versus-racism/.

[5] "...Aesthetic Realism is, and always has been, for full, completely equal civil rights for everyone. And that includes the right to marry a person of whatever gender one chooses. As is well known, there is intense anger in America on the subject of homosexuality and how it is seen. Since this subject is definitely not central to Aesthetic Realism, and since the Aesthetic Realism Foundation has not wanted to be involved in that atmosphere of anger, in 1990 (nearly 30 years ago) the Foundation discontinued its presentation of the fact that through study of Aesthetic Realism people have changed from homosexuality, and consultations to do so stopped being given. That is because we do not want this matter, which is certainly not fundamental to Aesthetic Realism, to be used to obscure what Aesthetic Realism truly is: education of the largest, most cultural kind. https://aestheticrealism.org/a-note-on-aesthetic-realism-and-homosexuality/

[6] The Dictionary of Psychology. Brunner-Routledge. (2002). pp. 24

[7] Siegel, Eli (21 December 1977). “Aesthetic Realism: A Tripartite Study”. The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known 247.

[8] Siegel, Eli (1981). Self and World: An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism. New York: Definition Press. ISBN 0-910492-27-1

[9] D.E., Booklist, (American Library Association, 15 January 1982): "A distinguished poet and teacher, Siegel died in 1978. This posthumous publication combines his essays and articles to give a final overview of his philosophy, called Aesthetic Realism....Siegel's passionate, affirmative intelligence is deeply stirring, frequently convincing. This is one of the few 'human improvement' doctrines to merit philosophic respect."

[10] "The Fight about Knowledge— in Schools & Everywhere," The Right of Aesthetic Realism to Be Known, #1962 (20 September 2017) URL: http://www.aestheticrealism.net/tro/the-fight-about-knowledge-in-schools-and-everywhere.html.

[11] CapitalWire, Culture, 1 Nov. 2009: "House Majority Whip James E. Clyburn gave opening remarks at a historic event on Capitol Hill in Washington, October 21st: The People of Clarendon County—A Play by Ossie Davis & the Answer to Racism!"

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