アフリカ投資銀行

アフリカ投資銀行（アフリカとうしぎんこう、英: African Investment Bank, AIB）は、アフリカ連合の3つの金融機関（アフリカ通貨基金、アフリカ中央銀行）の1つ。 その本部はリビアのトリポリに設置されることとなっている。

背景

ロメ・サミット（2000年）は、AUの目的、原則、および機関を指定するアフリカ連合構成法を採択した。二十七のアフリカ諸国はこの構成法に署名し、以下の多種多様な機関を設置することとなった。汎アフリカ議会、アフリカ司法裁判所、アフリカ中央銀行、アフリカ通貨基金、そしてアフリカ投資銀行。 2005年に、AUは金融3機関に関するアフリカ連合委員会（AUC）により準備されたコンセプトペーパーや条約原案を検討するために、エチオピアのアディスアベバで独立した専門家の会議を開催した。 AUはまた、金融機関の所在地を以下の通り決定した。アフリカ中央銀行（ナイジェリア）、アフリカ投資銀行（リビア）、およびアフリカ通貨基金（中央アフリカ）である。

目的・業務

2006年11月21日にAUCは、構成法第19条に従って3つのアフリカ金融機関の実施計画の概要を検討する会議をカメルーンのヤウンデで開催しました 。AIBの目的は、経済成長を促進し、経済的統合を加速するために策定された AUの戦略計画に沿って、アフリカの経済統合をさらに推し進めることにある。AIBの銀行業務の手法は、以下の運用管理原則に従って実施されることが第17条の合意事項に従って確立したとされる。

1. Operations are principally for financing specific projects, including national, sub-regional or regional development schemes for members. May include financing to national development institutions in Africa serving the mandate;
2. In selecting projects, evaluate its potential contribution to the mandate, rather than project type;
3. AIB will not finance any undertaking in a member's territory if that member objects;
4. In considering loan or guarantee applications, consider the borrower's ability to obtain financing or facilities elsewhere;
5. In making or guaranteeing loans, consider if the borrower & its guarantor can meet obligations; and that the interest rate, other charges & the repayment schedule is appropriate;
6. Proceeds can only be used for procurement in member states of goods produced by members, except if the Board of Directors permits non-member procurement, or non-member produced goods, in special circumstances (i.e., non-member provides significant financing to AIB);
7. In the case of a direct loan, the borrower can draw funds only for project expenditures as incurred;
8. Take measures to ensure that loan proceeds are used only for the purposes which the loan was granted;
9. Avoid a disproportionate amount of resources benefiting any member;
10. Seek reasonable diversification in equity capital investment; AIB will not assume management of any entity or enterprise in which it has an investment, except where necessary;
11. Apply sound banking principles, particularly to investments in equity capital;
12. In guaranteeing loans made by other investors, AIB shall receive suitable risk compensation.

構成員

According to Article 4, AIB membership is open to all AU members. Eligible countries who do not become members when operations begin may be subsequently admitted, under terms and conditions established by the Board of Governors (BOG), following the affirmative vote of at least four-fifths of the Governors, representing not less than three-fourths of the member's total voting power.

資本

AIB's initial authorized capital stock has yet to be determined. It will be divided into a number shares with a specific par value, which shall be available to members for subscription in accordance with the provisions in the Agreement. The authorized capital stock shall be divided into paid-in shares and callable shares. The BOG will occasionally determine the proportion of authorized capital in paid-in shares and callable shares. The BOG may increase the authorized capital stock, under terms and conditions deemed advisable. The BOG's decision to increase the authorized capital will be adopted by a vote of at least four-fifths of the Governors, representing not less than three-fourths of the members total voting power.

参考文献

• Agreement Establishing the AIB
• M. Mkwezalamba, CAMEF II 2006
• M. Mkwezalamba, CAMEF 2007
• Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes: AU Profile Center for Nonproliferation Studies 9-27-2006
• Menas Libya Politics & Security 12-13-06