利用者:加藤勝憲/グレゴリー・ペツコ

Greg Petsko
生誕	(1948-08-07) 1948年8月7日（75歳） Washington, D.C., USA
研究機関	Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College Cornell University Brandeis University Wayne State University School of Medicine MIT Max Planck Institute University of Oxford Princeton University
博士課程 指導教員	David Chilton Phillips
主な受賞歴	Rhodes Scholarship Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Member of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member of the American Philosophical Society
プロジェクト:人物伝

Gregory A. Petsko (born August 7, 1948) は米国の生化学者。ハーバード大学医学大学院Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases とBrigham and Women's Hospitalの神経学教授を務めており、米国科学アカデミー、全米医学アカデミー、アメリカ芸術科学アカデミー、アメリカ哲学協会の会員である。

以前はワイルコーネル医科大学の神経学および神経科学の冠教授（the Arthur J. Mahon Chair）を務め、現在もコーネル大学の生物医学工学の非常勤教授であり、ブランダイス大学の生化学および化学の冠教授（Gyula and Katica Tauber、名誉教授）でもある。

He formerly had an endowed professorship (the Arthur J. Mahon Chair) in Neurology and Neuroscience at Weill Cornell Medical College and is still an adjunct professor of Biomedical Engineering at Cornell University, and is also the Gyula and Katica Tauber Professor, Emeritus, in biochemistry and chemistry at Brandeis University.

As of 2020 Petsko's research interests are understanding the biochemical bases of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS, discovering drugs (especially by using structure-based drug design) and biologics, especially gene therapy, that could therapeutically affect those biochemical targets, and seeing any resulting clinical candidates tested in humans. He has made key contributions to the fields of protein crystallography, biochemistry, biophysics, enzymology, and neuroscience.

Education

Petsko was an undergraduate at Princeton University, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1970. He received a Rhodes Scholarship, and obtained his doctorate in Molecular Biophysics from Merton College, Oxford supervised by David Phillips, studying the structure and mechanism of the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase.

He did a brief postdoctoral fellowship in Paris with Pierre Douzou, studying enzymology at low temperatures. In 1995 he did a sabbatical at the University of California at San Francisco with Ira Herskowitz, where he learned yeast genetics and molecular biology.

Career

President Joe Biden awards the National Medal of Science to Professor Gregory A. Petsko of Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital on October 24, 2023. Photo by Jay Premack/USPTO.

Petsko's independent academic career has included stints at Wayne State University School of Medicine, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, and, from 1991 until 2012, Brandeis University, where he was Professor of Biochemistry and of Chemistry and director of the Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center. He is past-president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and of the International Union for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and has an honorary Doctor of Laws from Dalhousie University. In April 2010, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. In 2012, he announced that he was moving to Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City, where his wife, Dr. Laurie Glimcher, had been appointed dean. He was appointed at Weill Cornell Medical College as the director of the Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute and the Arthur J. Mahon Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience in the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, and at Cornell University as adjunct professor of Biomedical Engineering, and retained an appointment at Brandeis University as Gyula and Katica Tauber Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Emeritus. His wife was named president and CEO of the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in October 2016, and in January 2019 he followed her back to Boston, assuming his present position as Professor of Neurology at the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.On October 24, 2023, he and eight other scientists received the National Medal of Science from President Joe Biden. The National Medal of Science is the highest honor the United States can confer on a scientist; since the first was awarded in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy, only 506 individuals have received it.[1][2][3][4]

Research

Petsko's current research interests are understanding the biochemical bases of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS, discovering drugs (especially by using structure-based drug design) that could therapeutically affect those biochemical targets, and seeing any resulting drug and gene therapy candidates tested in humans.

Petsko's past research interests have been in protein crystallography and enzymology. He is co-author with Dagmar Ringe of Protein Structure and Function. He was also the author of a monthly column in Genome Biology modelled after an amusing column in Current Biology penned by Sydney Brenner. Petsko is best known for his collaborative work with Dagmar Ringe, in which they used X-ray crystallography to solve important problems in protein function including protein dynamics as a function of temperature and problems in mechanistic enzymology.

ペツコの過去の研究テーマは[6]、タンパク質結晶学と酵素学である。Protein Structure and Function』のダグマー・リンゲとの共著者である[7]。

また、Sydney Brennerが執筆したCurrent Biologyの面白いコラムをモデルにしたGenome Biologyの月刊コラム[8][9]の著者でもある[10]。

Petsko's past research interests have been in protein crystallography and enzymology. He is co-author with Dagmar Ringe of Protein Structure and Function. He was also the author of a monthly column in Genome Biology modelled after an amusing column in Current Biology penned by Sydney Brenner.

ペツコはダグマール・リンゲとの共同研究で最もよく知られており、彼らはX線結晶構造解析を用いて、温度の関数としてのタンパク質動力学や機構論的酵素学の問題など、タンパク質の機能に関する重要な問題を解決した[11][12][13]。

Petsko is best known for his collaborative work with Dagmar Ringe, in which they used X-ray crystallography to solve important problems in protein function including protein dynamics as a function of temperature and problems in mechanistic enzymology.

At MIT and Brandeis, he and Dagmar Ringe trained a large number of current leaders in structural molecular biology who now have leadership roles in science. These individuals include:

• Tom Alber and John Kuriyan, professors at University of California, Berkeley (Kuriyan is a member of the National Academy of Sciences)
• Barry Stoddard and Roland Strong, faculty at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
• Ilme Schlichting, department head at Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
• Ann Stock, professor at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Rutgers
• Steven Almo, professor and chair of biochemistry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine
• Axel Brunger, professor at Stanford University and member of the National Academy of Sciences
• Elias Lolis, professor at Yale University
• Dennis Vitkup, professor at Columbia University
• Charles Brenner, department head at University of Iowa
• Karen Allen, professor and chair of chemistry at Boston University
• Lynne Howell, professor at University of Toronto
• David Rose, professor at University of Waterloo
• and Stephen Burley formerly of SGX Pharmaceuticals and now head of the Protein Data Bank

脚注

[[Category:全米医学アカデミー会員]] [[Category:アメリカ哲学協会会員]] [[Category:米国科学アカデミー会員]] [[Category:1948年生]] [[Category:存命人物]] [[Category:ブランダイス大学の教員]] [[Category:プリンストン大学出身の人物]]