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利用者:Keisukeng/マラウィの戦い

Battle of Marawi
the Moro conflict and the
Military intervention against ISIL中

A building in Marawi is set ablaze by air strikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force.
時Template:Date start – present
(7年3週5日間)
場所Marawi, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
北緯8度00分38秒 東経124度17分52秒 / 北緯8.0106度 東経124.2977度 / 8.0106; 124.2977
現況 Ongoing * Martial law declared in the Mindanao region until 31 December 2017.[6][7]
衝突した勢力
フィリピンの旗 フィリピン ---- Supported by:
Non-state supporters: * MNLF * MILF
(Evacuation and humanitarian operations)[1] Foreign supporters: * アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ (Aid and technical assistance)[2][3] *オーストラリアの旗 オーストラリア (Intelligence support)[4] * 中華人民共和国の旗 中国 (Military equipment)[5]		 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
指揮官
フィリピンの旗 Rodrigo Duterte
(President of the Philippines)
フィリピンの旗 Delfin Lorenzana
フィリピンの旗 Eduardo Año
フィリピンの旗 Ronald dela Rosa		 Isnilon Hapilon
(Abu Sayyaf commander)
Omar and Abdullah Maute
(Maute group commanders; reported dead)[8]
部隊
Armed Forces of the Philippines * Philippine Army * Philippine Navy * Philippine Air Force * Philippine Marine Corps * Philippine Coast Guard Philippine National Police * Special Action Force * PNP Maritime Group ---- アメリカ合衆国の旗 U.S. special operations forces (technical assistance)[9] Maute group
Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Ansar Khalifa Philippines[10]
戦力
3,000+ soldiers[11] 500–700 militants[12][13] * Maute group: 300[10] * Abu Sayyaf: 60[10] * BIFF: 40[10] * Ansar Khalifa Philippines: 40[10]
被害者数
128 killed,[14]
900 wounded,[15]
60 missing[16]		 573 killed,[14]
9 captured[17]
119 civilians died (74 due to illness),[14][18][19]
180,000 evacuated,[20] 84,760 displaced[21]
Keisukeng/マラウィの戦いの位置（フィリピン内）
Keisukeng/マラウィの戦い
The location of Marawi within the Philippines

マラウィの戦い (フィリピン語: Labanan sa Marawi), also known as the Marawi siege (フィリピン語: Pagkubkob sa Marawi)[22] and the Marawi crisis (フィリピン語: Krisis sa Marawi),[23] is an ongoing armed conflict in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, that started on 23 May 2017 between Philippine government security forces and affiliated militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, including the Maute and Abu Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups.[24]

フィリピン政府は claims that the clashes began when it launched an offensive in the city to capture Isnilon Hapilon, leader of the ISIL-affiliated Abu Sayyaf group, after receiving reports that Hapilon was in the city, possibly to meet with militants of the Maute group.[25][26] A deadly firefight erupted when Hapilon's forces opened fire on the combined Army and police teams and called for reinforcements from the Maute group, an armed group that has pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, and who are believed to be responsible for the 2016 Davao City bombing, according to military spokesmen.[27]

Maute group militants attacked Camp Ranao and occupied several buildings in the city, including Marawi City Hall, Mindanao State University, a hospital and the city jail. They also occupied the main street and set fire to Saint Mary's Church, Ninoy Aquino School and Dansalan College, run by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP).[28] The group also attacked the Marawi Cathedral, taking a priest and several churchgoers hostage.[29]

2017年5月26日、フィリピン軍はテロリストの一部は stated that some of the terrorists are foreigners who have been in the country for quite some time, offering support to the Maute group in Marawi. Their main objective is to raise an ISIL flag at the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol and declare a wilayat or provincial ISIL territory in Lanao del Sur.[30][31]

Background[編集]

General background[編集]

The Maute group has established a stronghold in Lanao del Sur since February 2016 and is blamed for the 2016 Davao City bombing and two attacks in Butig, Lanao del Sur, a town located south of Marawi, in 2016.[32] Since the militant group's founding in 2013, the Philippine government has downplayed the threat of ISIS in the Philippines.[33] Following the February 2016 Butig clash with the Maute group, then-President Benigno Aquino III discounted the possibility of the Islamic State's presence in the country. He said that those behind the attack were just mercenaries wanting to be recognized by the Middle East-based terror group.[34]

2017年4月から5月まで、Abu Sayyaf fought in clashes with Philippine security forces in Bohol which resulted in the deaths of at least four government agents.[35]

戦闘のタイムライン[編集]

5月[編集]

5月23～27日[編集]

5月23日
Marawi, the site of the battle
Listing of inmates of the Malabang District Jail at a PNP checkpoint.

Firefights between government forces and militants began at approximately 2:00 in the afternoon of 23 May 2017. The Peace and Conflict Journalism Network reported that the clash occurred in the Basak Malutlut area of the city as Hapilon's forces called for reinforcement from the Maute group. Maute fighters occupied the Amai Pakpak Hospital and ordered the PhilHealth employees out of the facility. The fighters allegedly replaced the Philippine flag hoisted in the hospital with the Black Standard used by the Islamic State group. A staff member of the hospital has later denied that this happened.[36]

The 103rd Brigade of the Philippine Army stationed at Camp Ranao was attacked by at least 500 Maute group militants.[37] A number of militants were then seen waving their ISIS black flags as they roamed the streets of Marawi.[38]

市全体が was put on lockdown as several buildings and houses were set ablaze by members of the Maute group. Dozens of gunmen occupied the Marawi City Hall as 107 inmates escaped from the Marawi City Jail and the Malabang District Jail 39 after the Maute attacks. Power and communication lines were also shut down due to the continued hostilities.[39] Roads leading to Marawi were blocked by both government security forces and Maute militants.

Civilians were reported to have been abducted by the Maute group, including a priest and several parishioners of the Cathedral of Our Lady Help of Christians as the group demanded that the government stop its offensive against them.[40]

The clashes sparked a mass evacuation of the city with residents fleeing by the thousands, causing traffic congestion on the highway to Iligan and Cagayan de Oro.[41] At least eleven civilians have been killed in the ongoing firefight, two of which the Lanao del Sur Provincial Disaster Office identified as ambulance drivers who were stopped by Maute militants while responding to an emergency call.[42][43] Nine of those civilians were on board a truck when they were stopped by Maute militants at a checkpoint and shot dead with their hands tied.[44][45] A police officer was also reported to have been beheaded by the militants.

5月24日

5月24日、政府軍の増援がラギンディガン国際空港に到着した。当時は政府軍がアマイ・パクパク病院を奪還しており マウテグループによって人間の盾として使われた120人の市民は病院から救出された 。フィリピン軍はまた市ホールとミンダナオ州立大学を奪還した[46]

5月25日

5月25日、マラウィ市中心部の南ラナオ州議会議事堂付近で戦闘が発生した 。黒装束のマウテとアブ・サヤフの過激派は市の主要道路と橋に出現した。過激派はまたGadungan村にある南ラナオ州電気協同組合を占拠したと報じられた 。フィリピン軍はイスニロン・ハピロンを含め3～4ダースのマウテが市内に残っていると述べた[47] 。フィリピン空軍は近くの3つの村でグループの残党を攻撃した

Reports came in that two Malaysian terrorists who were with Isnilon Hapilon in Marawi to push for the creation of the Islamic State in Southeast Asia were among those militants killed late Thursday. Intelligence sources also said that an Indonesian and a Saudi Arabian linked to ISIS were also killed in skirmishes in the city.[48] The AFP said that 26 of the around 50 Maute in the area were killed and 30 government soldiers were wounded.[49]

At a press briefing in Davao City, AFP Spokesperson Brig. Gen. Restituto Padilla stated that some of the terrorists are foreigners who have been in the country for quite some time, offering support to the Maute group in Marawi. He noted that of the twelve killed in a recent action, six were from out of the country.[50]

Amid continuing operations against the terror groups, several houses, including the residence of Lanao del Sur Representative Jun Papandayan, were seen burning as residents also reported seeing civilians killed after the military dropped bombs on Maute positions. Sources said the houses were targeted because of the presence of Maute snipers.[51]

According to AFP Western Mindanao Command chief Lt. Gen. Carlito Galvez Jr., dwellings in the area were intentionally set on fire so as to keep them from being used as cover by the Maute. Limited air strikes were also used on Maute sniper positions. Galvez stated that no civilians were reported killed in the air strikes, and it was his hope they could keep military casualties low as well.[52]

2017年5月26日時点で、マラウィ司教のEdwin de la Peñaによればマウテのグループによって衝突一日目に人質にされた聖職者のFr. Chito Suganobと彼の同伴者は未だに拘束されている[53]

27 May
イリガンに滞在しているマラウィからの避難民

1st Infantry Division spokesman Lt. Col. Jo-Ar Herrera told reporters: "We have identified where they are consolidating so we are doing surgical air strikes to destroy the local terrorist group."[54] The military troops and Special Action Force continued on their clearing operations by checking each house and building in the city's downtown area.[55] In the conduct of the operations on Saturday, troops have encountered child warriors as young as 10 years old armed with M-16 rifles being used by the Maute group.

5月27日までにマラウィの20万人以上の人口の90%が中立領域、特にイリガンに避難している[56]

5月28日～31日[編集]

5月28日

The regional military spokesman Jo-Ar Herrera reported 19 civilians, some of whom were women and children, had been killed in Marawi by 27 May. Eight civilians had been found dead on the side of the road on the outskirts of Marawi on the previous Sunday (22 May).[57] The victims were later identified as local carpenters who were part of an evacuation convoy; the militants stopped the convoy and then massacred those who could not recite verses from the Quran.[58] A signed note was found attached to one of them, the author indicating that the victims had "betrayed their faith". Authorities said that 2,000 civilians were trapped in militant-controlled areas.[59]

Reports came in that 28 Malaysians had joined the Maute group. Citing intelligence sources in Manila, a Malaysian newspaper reported that the Malaysians arrived early last week supposedly for a religious event and may have also taken up arms, a conclusion they arrived at after 2 Malaysians were killed in firefights.[60] The ongoing clash also raised concerns in Jakarta that extremist groups in Indonesia could be drawn to join the fight in Marawi as well.[61]

Malacañang Palace Communications Secretary Martin Andanar appealed for foreign support in fighting the extremist groups in southern Philippines. In an interview with China Central Television, Andanar said "We need support, be that economic support, ideological support to fight the ISIS. Now, it is an international issue. We are doing our best to contain the ISIS and to stop it from spreading in the country."[62]

The "Peace Corridor" set up by combined forces of the Philippine government and Moro Islamic Liberation Front to hasten humanitarian efforts in support of affected Marawi residents. The orange line shows the scope of the corridor which covers Marawi itself and the towns of Marantao, Balindong, Tugaya, Bacolod-Kalawi, Madalum, Madamba, Ganassi, and Malabang.

The death toll in Marawi has reached 100, the Philippine military confirmed Monday, including 19 civilians and 61 militants.[63][64] The military has also retaken most of Marawi previously occupied by the extremist groups. Presidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella said Monday that only small areas in the city remained under militants' control.[65] Also on Monday, the Philippine military reported that the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters from neighboring Maguindanao have joined the Maute and Abu Sayyaf groups in Marawi and that the Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon remained holed up in the city.[66]

ヌル・ミスアリの広報担当者はミスアリがモロ民族解放戦線(MNLF)に南ラナオ州のマウテと戦うよう命じたと述べた[67] 。ミスアリはoffered a unit of 500 to 700 MNLF fighters to help fight the extremists. Luis Jalandoni of the National Democratic Front stated his group was willing to help as well.

モロ・イスラム解放戦線と政府は the government decided to implement a "peace corridor" in Lanao del Sur as part of an effort to hasten humanitarian operations for displaced Marawi residents. The corridor spans from Marawi proper down to the Malabang town.[68]

5月30日

5月30日に拉致された聖職者Fr. Teresito Soganubが政府に過激派に対する攻撃を停止し、マラウィと南ラナオ州から全軍を撤退させるよう懇願する映像が公開された。マラウィ司教のEdwin dela PeñaはSoganubは自身と他に人質として囚われている人達の安全と引き換えにマウテの要求を代弁していると述べた。[69]

マラウィ市の中心部はマウテ過激派の支配下であり市中心部につながる三つの橋の内、マパンディ橋とバヤダオ橋の二つではバリケードがされてあり、前方に黒い旗をはためかせている敵車両が存在していた[70]

フィリピン海兵隊はマラウィでの2日間の掃討作戦で18の高出力武器、警察と軍の制服及び黒色の旗を取り戻すことに成功した。彼らは火曜日に8人のテロリストが殺害されたと報じた

フィリピン政府とモロ・イスラム解放戦線(MILF)が火曜日に発表した共同声明では、MILFのムラド・エブラヒム議長はMILはマラウィに囚われている市民の人道支援の拡大する大統領の招請を歓迎すると述べた[71]

BRP Tarlac in Iligan offloading military units meant to augment government forces fighting in Marawi.

フィリピン軍の広報担当者のRestituto Padillaは水曜日に政府軍が市の中心部とそれにつながる二つの橋を含むマラウィの90%を奪還したと述べた[72][73] 。Padillaによれば、the surge in the number of militants might have something to do with the sympathizers they freed from the city jail, but that the military managed to secure all entry and exit points to prevent possible reinforcements for the militants.

AP通信は市内の過激派グループの残党を一掃するための政府軍の空爆による同士討ちで11人の兵士が死亡、7人が負傷したと報じた[74] 。フィリピン軍の広報担当者はアエルマッキ SF-260ターボプロップ航空機が spokesman said the incident happened when a SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 turboprop aircraft providing close air support "over militant positions in Marawi" dropped a bomb that accidentally hit an army unit locked in close-range combat with the militants. デルフィン・ロレンザナ国防長官はこの事故の調査を命じた

水曜日には少なくとも8人の過激派が政府軍に降伏した[75] 。フィリピン軍の広報担当者Restituto Padillaによれば、the militants surrendered to the unit of Marine Task Force Tiger Tawitawi Commanding general Custodio Parcon and "have provided very, very valuable intelligence." 2017年5月23日のマラウィの包囲以降で最初の過激派メンバーの降伏だった 。海兵隊の増援と支援物資は輸送船を通じて5月31日に到着した[76]

6月[編集]

6月1～3日[編集]

In a news conference, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced that eight foreign militants had been killed in Marawi, five of which they have identified as Malaysian, Indonesian, Saudi Arabian, Yemeni and a Chechen.[77] Lorenzana also said they have revised their estimate of the number of militants involved in the Marawi attacks since last week from the initial 100 militants to 500 militants, which he said was composed of 260 Maute militants, 100 Abu Sayyaf militants under Isnilon Hapilon, and the rest from other local militant organizations. He said 280 militants have fled the city, some of them mixing with civilians in neighboring towns while an estimated 50 to 100 militants remained in Marawi.[78]

A friendly fire incident took place in Marawi. Two Philippine Air Force planes bombed rebel positions, but one plane missed its target and instead hit government troops on the ground, killing 10 soldiers.[79][80] Following the incident, Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III asked for a review of the Philippine military's strategy in the ongoing campaign against the militant groups in Marawi.[81] Senator Antonio Trillanes called the incident "tragic and unfortunate" as he called on the military to ensure that similar incidents will never happen again. Senator Panfilo Lacson encouraged the public to support the AFP as well as the investigation being conducted.

Malacañang Palace spokesman Ernesto Abella dispelled speculations that the 2017 Resorts World Manila attack that transpired in the early hours of 2 June 2017 in Pasay was connected to the ongoing military offensive against the Maute group in Marawi or to ISIS. He also denied any possible terrorism link in the incident.[82]

In an update to the media on the situation in Marawi, the AFP spokesperson said that the militants remained holed up in commercial buildings in the city center and that they believe Isnilon Hapilon to be still in Marawi. He also acknowledged that their earlier 2 June deadline for completely taking back the city from the militant groups won't be met as they continued to put up significant resistance.[83] The Indonesian Foreign Ministry through its embassy in Manila was able to rescue 17 of their citizens from Marawi on Thursday with help from the AFP.[84]

6月3日

2017年6月3日、ドゥテルテとヌル・ミスアリ (モロ民族解放戦線の創設議長) はMNLFの2000人の戦闘員がフィリピン軍に入隊し、マラウィでの戦闘に参加する合意を結んだ[85] 。しかしながら、数日後、フィリピン軍とドゥテルテ自身の両方が、すぐには行われないとの声明を出した[86][87]

Filipino soldiers in transit who are participating in the Battle of Marawi.

2017年6月4日、フィリピン政府とマラウィの中心部に残るISIL戦闘員との間で停戦協定が結ばれた。この停戦はThis ceasefire had been facilitated by MILF, which had been asked by Duterte to help negotiate a settlement by which civilians still trapped in the city could be evacuated. The ceasefire was to begin at 8 A.M. and last for four hours. However, the Philippines Military units in the city refused to accept the terms of the ceasefire, and only allowed the evacuation of those individuals on the edges of the areas controlled by ISIL. Fighting in the city broke out at 9 A.M. The army claimed that 179 civilians were evacuated, while a presidential spokesperson claimed that 134 were evacuated - fewer than on preceding days - leaving about 2,000 civilians trapped in the city. Two soldiers were injured.[88][89][90]

当局は市民の犠牲者の合計は20人から38人に上昇し、全てが過激派によって殺害されたと主張したが、地元住民は空爆で数十人の民間人が死亡したと主張した

6月6日

2017年6月6日、ダバオ市の警察はマウテグループリーダーの家長Cayamora Maute(67歳)を逮捕した。彼はトリル地区のシラワンにあるタスクフォースのダバオ市の検問所で逮捕された。Cayamoraは検問所で乗車していたバンが停止された時特定を避けるために外科用マスクを着用していた[91]

Members of the government cabinet inspecting weapons retrieved by security forces from ASG-Maute militants.

2017年6月9日、警察は情報を掴み、マウテテロリストグループのリーダーの母親オミンタ・ロマト・マウテを逮捕した。オミンタはファーハラとしても知られており、南ラナオ州のマシウの街で負傷した家族2人と7人の身元不明女性と共に逮捕された[92] 。同日にマラウィでの掃討作戦中にフィリピン海兵隊13人が死亡し、40人が負傷したと報告された。米国の特殊部隊が顧問として市に配備された[93]

6月11日～17日[編集]

6月11日

2017年6月11日、フィリピン軍はマラウィの継続中の掃討作戦でこれまでに191人の過激派テロリストを殺害したと発表した。

6月12日 (フィリピン独立記念日)

2017年6月12日はフィリピン独立記念日であり、フィリピン軍は今日の時点でマラウィの包囲が終了することを望んでいた。フィリピン政府はマラウィ市ホール、南ラナオ州議会議事堂、ラナオキャンプ、ミンダナオ州立大学、アマイ・パクパク病院のような場所や市の一部の道路にフィリピンの象徴の旗を掲げた。フィリピン軍、戦車、レスキューバンとトラック、警察車両、パトカー、軍事車両及び重戦車もPhilippine Flag which symbolizes that the roads they are roaming around are part of Philippine Territory to fight back to the Maute's black flag。しかしながら、戦闘は継続している[要出典]

6月16日

フィリピン軍は「正常化作戦」を開始したと発表し、マラウイの状況を正常に復帰させるために地方自治体の部隊と協力し始めた。過激派との衝突が続いている[94] 。フィリピン軍は2017年6月16日時点でマラウィの90%を確保したと述べた[95][96]

6月18日～24日[編集]

6月19日

フィリピン軍はマウテの隠れ家を襲撃し、シャブ(メタンフェタミン塩酸塩)のバッグと関連する麻薬道具を押収した。第49歩兵大隊のEric Estrevillo大尉は記者会見でマウテのメンバーは長期間の戦闘に耐え、戦闘中に「ハイ」になるためにシャブを使用していると述べた[97]

6月23日

フィリピン政府はマラウィのフィリピン空軍を支援するために2機の「AP-3C オライオン」哨戒機を送る提案を受け入れた[98]

6月24日

一部のニュースサイトによれば、アブ・サヤフのリーダーとthe emir of the ISIS Philippines Isnilon Hapilon withdrew from Marawi, according to Lt. Gen. Carlito Galvez, the head of Western Mindanao Command. However, according to the Philippine Military, Isnilon's escape from the city is yet to be confirmed.[99]

フィリピン軍はdeclared an 8-hour ceasefire effective from 6:00 am of 25 June to give way for the observance of Eid el-Fitr but has maintained that the ceasefire will be lifted if the militants open fire at government forces or civilians.[100]

6月25日～30日[編集]

At 6:50 a.m. amidst a congressional prayers for the Eid al-Fitr celebration held at the provincial capitol building, suspected gunshots were heard; a few minutes after the unilateral ceasefire by the government was declared. Entrance and exit points to Marawi remained guarded by government security forces against the influx of aid to Maute forces and assist civilians fleeing the city.[101]

6月30日

2機の偵察機が which were committed by Australia started conducting operations in Marawi. Filipino pilots and technicians are operating the planes. The mission involving the Australian planes will take place for two weeks.[102]

7月[編集]

7月3日[編集]

デルフィン・ロレンザナ国防長官は上級ISISリーダーのイスニロン・ハピロンはマラウィのモスクの一つに隠れていると考えられると述べた[103]

7月4日[編集]

 アーネスト・アベラ大統領報道官はマウテが confirmed reports that Maute has looted an estimated P500 million worth of money from Marawi.[104] Dansalan College, which had been used by the militants as a sniper roost, was retaken by government troops and 410 firearms were recovered since clearing operations began.[105]

7月12日[編集]

FA-50PHゴールデンイーグルジェット戦闘機が250メートルの距離から誤爆した結果、味方の兵士2人を殺害し、11人を負傷させた。全てのFA-50は調査中は地上待機となった一方、フィリピン空軍の他の航空機はマラウィでの作戦に参加した [106]

7月13日[編集]

7月13日の午後7時時点で、フィリピン軍は394人のテロリストを殺害し、498個の火器を押収した。しかし政府側の死者は93人に上り、テロリストは45人の民間人を殺害した。軍は戦争で荒廃したマラウィから1723人の救出に成功したが、戦闘により出られなくなったかテロリストによって人質に取られているかの300人の民間人が存在する[107]

15 July[編集]

According Brig. Gen. Resituto Padilla, the military is still assessing the security accession of the Battle of Marawi even though the fight was on its climax. Also, he noted that the campaign will continue before and even after of the State of the Nation Address of the President, Rodrigo Duterte.

He also noted that the AFP is doing its best to accomplish the 10-15 day deadline set by the president.[108]

18 July[編集]

National news agencies told the public that the President Rodrigo Duterte is considering to extend the martial law until the end of the year, which is 31 December. The president insists that Martial Law is needed for faster rehabilitation of Marawi after the battle has ended.

"I have come to the conclusion that the existing rebellion in Mindanao, which has prompted me to issue Proclamation No. 216 on 23 May 2017, will not be quelled completely by 22 July 2017," Duterte said in a portion of his letter read aloud by the Executive Spokesperson Ernesto Abella. "For this reason, because public safety requires it, I call upon the Congress to extend until 31 December 2017 or for such a period of time as the Congress may determine the proclamation of martial law and the suspension of privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao," he added.

19 July[編集]

7月22日[編集]

Through a joint session of the Philippines' Congress of the Philippines between the House of Representatives and the Senate, 16 senators, 261-18 Congressmen (Not one congressman abstained among those present)[109], in favor of the President's request, voted for the extension of Proclamation Order No. 216 - Imposing Martial Law in the whole Mindanao Region by President Rodrigo Duterte. This extension is valid until 31 December 2017.[110]

死傷者[編集]

Wake for soldiers who died in the conflict.

2017年8月17日時点で、犠牲者数は以下の通り報告されている:

  • 573人の過激派が死亡 (11人は外国人)[111]
  • 9人の過激派が拘束
  • 128人の政府軍兵士が死亡 (12人は同士撃ちで死亡)[112]
  • 60人の政府軍兵士が行方不明
  • 900人の政府軍兵士が負傷
  • 119人の市民が死亡(74人は病気が原因)

Malabangの警察署長のRomeo Enriquezはho was cited by Duterte as beheaded in his speech on 24 May 2017[113] as one of the basis for his declaration of martial law the day before, was found later to be still alive.[114][115][116] The police officer killed was later identified by the ARMM PNP as Senior Inspector Freddie Solar, a former police chief of Malabang and member of the Drug Enforcement Unit of the Lanao del Sur Provincial Police.[117]

死傷者と共に、 much of Marawi was flattened in what was described as the heaviest urban fighting in the Philippines since World War II.[118]

病気が原因で死亡した避難民

6月16日のフィリピン保健省の報告によれば、避難所の外に滞在していた少なくとも40人の避難民が脱水症状で死亡した一方、混雑した避難所に住んでいるために病気に罹った結果、19人が命を失ったとされた[18][119] 。この報告は後に保険長官によって脱水症状で死んだのは40人ではなく4人と訂正されている[120][121][122]

反応[編集]

Domestic[編集]

Government[編集]

Duterte briefs the 4th Infantry Division at the troops' Headquarters-6 regarding the crisis.

Following the clash, Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao at 10:00 in the evening (UTC+8) of 23 May 2017. As per the 1987 Constitution, the state of martial law will initially last for 60 days. Duterte also decided to shorten his diplomatic visit to Russia.[123]

レニー・ロブレド副大統領は started organizing donations[124][125] and directing relief operations for the victims.[126]

Several checkpoints were set up in Metro Manila on Sunday, 28 May 2017.[127]

Reactions to the declaration of martial law were mixed on social media.[128] Amidst unconfirmed reports of beheading and kidnapping, PNP spokesman Dionardo Carlos appealed in a press briefing addressed to the public to limit "to what they know what they see" in making posts relevant to the Marawi incident in social media.[129] Numerous Filipino TV personalities have expressed their reactions to the ongoing clash between the government forces and the Maute terror groups in Mindanao. Some Pinoy celebrities also called for unity despite the division in political alliances.[130]

International[編集]

China,[131] Russia,[132] and the United States[133] expressed support for the security efforts of the Philippine Government, with Russian President Vladimir Putin also expressing condolence for the victims of the crisis. Canada has also said that they will extend humanitarian aid upon request of the Philippine government.[134]

Malaysia began to tighten its border with the Philippines shortly after the President announced martial law,[135] while the United Kingdom warned its citizens to avoid traveling to western Mindanao.[136] Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Manila also advised its citizens to avoid public places in the Philippines in general.[137] Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak also announced that his government fully support to Philippine forces.[138]

Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia will launch joint patrols in waters off the Mindanao region to counter threats from Islamic State group militants. Joint sea patrols in the waters bordering the three nations would kick off on 19 June 2017.[139]

Meanwhile, the Indonesian military will also strengthen its outer islands bordering the Philippines by building more military bases to prevent the militant groups from entering Indonesia.[140]

Aid[編集]

Australia sent AP-3C Orion planes to the southern Philippines following the conflict as surveillance support. The planes started flying over Marawi on 30 June with Filipino pilots and technicians aboard as part of the crew.

6月23日、オーストラリアはannounced it would provide surveillance support to the Philippines' armed forces by sending two RAAF AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft on flights over the southern Philippines.[141][142] After the operational details regarding the surveillance support were finalized between the Philippine and Australian military, it was planned that the AP-3C Orion would be immediately deployed in Marawi.[143]

中国は donated 50 million renminbi[note 1] worth of arms aid which comprises of around 3,000 rifles and 6 million pieces of ammunition. Three types of rifles were given; Sniper rifle, automatic rifle, and high-precision rifle.[144] A ₱15 million check donation was also given by China for the rehabilitation of Marawi.[145]

Israel and South Korea[146] made donations to the Philippine Red Cross for the organization's efforts in Marawi. The European Union has pledged to donate 850 thousand euros [note 2] worth of humanitarian aid meant for people affected in the conflict. India donated about Rs 3.2 crore[note 3] for the rehabilitation and relief of Marawi.[149]

トルコはthrough its Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency has pledged to support to feed displaced Marawi school children studying in temporary learning spaces.[150]

シンガポールは人道支援物資の運搬に空軍のC-130の提供を提案し、It also offered to send UAVs to be manned by Singaporean troops to assist the AFP in enhancing surveillance and intelligence capabilities and urban training villages to help the AFP train in urban warfare.[151][152] ロレンザナ国防長官はこの提案を受け入れ、AFPにシンガポール軍のISRプログラムを研究するよう命じた[153]

タイ王国は人道支援・災害救助プログラム(HADR)の下での人道支援任務のため(戦闘任務には対象外)にマラウィへの軍隊の配備を提案した[154]

アジア開発銀行と世界銀行はマラウィの再建に関して技術的な援助を提供する意向を表明した[155]

7月6日、マレーシア軍はマラウィの市民への人道支援物資を届ける意向を表明した[156] 。7月21日までにマレーシア空軍のエアバス A400Mを通じて年内避難民のために食料と医薬品が送られている[157] 。7月25日、状況が悪化していくにつれてより多くの人道支援物資を送ることを約束した[158][159]

指揮系統[編集]

Belligerents in the Battle of Marawi
フィリピンの旗 Philippine government and allies ISIL-affliated militants
Government forces Maute group

Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Ansar Khalifa Philippines

Department of National Defense (Philippines)
Armed Forces of the Philippines

Philippine Army

Philippine Navy

Philippine Air Force

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command Philippine Air Force

ファイル:AFP Western Mindanao Command.png AFP Western Mindanao Command

Philippine Marine Corps

Philippine Coast Guard

Philippine National Police
Non-state supporters
Limited support

Moro National Liberation Front
{{Small|(against Maute militants seeking refuge in MNLF controlled areas in Lanao del Sur引用エラー: <ref> タグに対応する </ref> タグが不足しています

Foreign support
Intelligence aid

Military arms aid

関連リンク[編集]

  • 2016 Butig clash
  • 2013 Zamboanga siege
  • 1995 Ipil massacre
  • Battle of Jolo (1974)
  • Moro conflict
  • Battle of Mukalla (2016)
  • Battle of Sirte (2016)
  • Battle of Mosul (2016–17)
  • Raqqa campaign (2016–present)
  • War on Terror

注記[編集]

  1. ^ About Template:Philippine peso[144]
  2. ^ About Template:Philippine peso[147]
  3. ^ About Template:Philippine peso or US$500 thousand[148]

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  110. ^ “UPDATE 2: Congress votes to extend martial law in Mindanao until Dec. 31, 2017 - The Manila Times Online” (英語). 2017年7月22日閲覧。
  111. ^ “Body of Singaporean fighter recovered in Marawi: Philippine joint task force” (2017年7月5日). 2017年7月5日閲覧。
  112. ^ 2 soldiers killed, 11 injured in friendly airstrike in S. Philippines
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  115. ^ “In declaring martial law, Duterte cited the beheading of a police chief — who is still alive”. (2017年5月26日). https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/duterte-justified-martial-law-over-the-beheading-of-a-police-chief--who-is-still-alive/2017/05/26/b6f0a9f2-41d7-11e7-9851-b95c40075207_story.html 
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  121. ^ “Ubial denies reports 59 Marawi refugees have died in evacuation centers” (英語). http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/614930/ubial-denies-reports-59-marawi-refugees-have-died-in-evacuation-centers/story/ 2017年7月22日閲覧。 
  122. ^ “DOH denies citing 59 evacuees from Marawi died of various illnesses” (英語). http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/995959 2017年7月22日閲覧。 
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  124. ^ “Robredo calls for donation for Marawi attack victims”. Philippine Star. (2017年5月24日). http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/24/1703144/robredo-calls-donation-marawi-attack-victims 
  125. ^ “Groups call for donations for crisis-hit Marawi”. Rappler. (2017年5月24日). http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/170756-groups-call-donations-relief-operations-marawi 
  126. ^ “Robredo orders relief operations amid Marawi clashes”. Rappler. (2017年5月24日). http://www.rappler.com/nation/170757-robredo-lawmakers-marawi-clashes-mindanao-martial-law 
  127. ^ “US Embassy Advises Citizens of Possible Chekpoints in Metro Manila”. (2017年5月28日). https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/900336/us-embassy-advises-citizens-of-possible-checkpoints-in-metro-manila 2017年5月29日閲覧。 
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  137. ^ “Saudi Embassy in Philippines warns against visiting public places”. Saudi Research & Publishing Company. (2017年6月29日). http://www.arabnews.com/node/1121771/saudi-arabia 2017年6月29日閲覧。 
  138. ^ “Malaysia offers help in Philippines fight vs terrorists”. (2017年5月28日). http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/28/1704321/malaysia-offers-help-philippines-fight-vs-terrorists 2017年5月28日閲覧。 
  139. ^ “Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia to kick off joint patrols off Mindanao to fight militants: Hisham”. New Straits Times (2017年6月3日). 2017年6月6日閲覧。
  140. ^ “Indonesia to build military base near southern Philippines” (英語). http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/06/08/indonesia-to-build-military-base-near-southern-philippines.html 2017年6月17日閲覧。 
  141. ^ “Australian spy planes to fly over southern Philippines in Islamic State fight”. ABC (2017年6月23日). 2017年6月24日閲覧。
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  144. ^ a b Ranada, Pia (2017年6月28日). “China gives P370M in guns, ammunition to PH”. Rappler. http://www.rappler.com/nation/174190-china-military-aid-guns-ammunition-philippines-marawi-terrorism 2017年6月28日閲覧。 
  145. ^ “China donates P15M for Marawi rehabilitation”. (2017年6月27日). http://www.rappler.com/nation/174100-china-donates-15-million-pesos-marawi-rehabilitation 2017年6月28日閲覧。 
  146. ^ “Korean Embassy donates P5M to Marawi victims via Red Cross”. Philippine Daily Inquirer. (2017年7月7日). http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/911737/korean-embassy-donates-p5m-to-marawi-victims-via-red-cross 2017年7月10日閲覧。 
  147. ^ “European Union donates P49M for Marawi victims”. ABS-CBN News. (2017年7月4日). http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/04/17/european-union-donates-p49m-for-marawi-victims 2017年7月4日閲覧。 
  148. ^ “India donates P25-M for Marawi rehab” (英語). ABS-CBN News. http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/11/17/india-donates-p25-m-for-marawi-rehab 2017年7月13日閲覧。 
  149. ^ “India expands counter terror coop with Philippines in ongoing Fight Against ISIS”. ET Bureau. (2017年7月13日). http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-expands-counter-terror-coop-with-philippines-in-ongoing-fight-against-isis/articleshow/59572762.cms 2017年7月13日閲覧。 
  150. ^ “Turkish government to help feed Marawi students”. The Philippine Star. (2017年7月8日). http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/07/08/1717623/turkish-government-help-feed-marawi-students 2017年7月10日閲覧。 
  151. ^ “Singapore offers SAF assistance to help Philippines fight terrorism”. Channel NewsAsia (2017年7月19日). 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  152. ^ “Singapore offers drones, urban warfare training grounds, aid to help Philippines fight militants in Marawi”. Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co.. (2017年7月19日). http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/singapore-offers-saf-assistance-to-philippines-in-fight-against-terrorism 2017年7月19日閲覧。 
  153. ^ Amita Legaspi (2017年7月19日). “Lorenzana welcomes Singapore's help in the fight vs. Maute, rebuild of Marawi”. GMA News. 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  154. ^ Wassana Nanuam (2017年7月26日). “Thai military ready to aid Philippines”. Bangkok Post. 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  155. ^ “ADB, World Bank eye technical assistance grants for Marawi rehab”. (2017年7月13日). http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/913567/adb-world-bank-eye-technical-assistance-grants-for-marawi-rehab 2017年7月13日閲覧。 
  156. ^ “Armed Forces hopes to send humanitarian aid to Marawi”. The Star (2017年7月7日). 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  157. ^ “PHL Ambassador Thanks Malaysia for Aid to Marawi”. Embassy of the Philippines, Kuala Lumpur (2017年7月25日). 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  158. ^ Melissa Goh (2017年7月25日). “Malaysia to send more aid to Philippines as Marawi standoff enters third month”. Channel NewsAsia. 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  159. ^ Prashanth Parameswaran (2017年7月26日). “Malaysia to Deploy More Terror Aid to Philippines”. The Diplomat. 2017年8月1日閲覧。
  160. ^ “U.S. provides 'technical assistance' to troops in Marawi - AFP”. Rappler. (2017年6月6日). http://www.rappler.com/nation/172105-us-technical-assistance-ph-troops-marawi 2017年6月7日閲覧。 
  161. ^ “US Special Forces Helping Philippines Fight Militants in Marawi”. 2017年6月10日閲覧。
  162. ^ “Australia to send spy planes to help Philippines fight militants”. (2017年6月23日). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-militants-australia-idUSKBN19D2TU 2017年6月25日閲覧。 

[[Category:フィリピンの戦闘]] [[Category:2017年の戦闘]]

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