Template:生物学的界分類の拡大版

リンネ 1735^[1]	ヘッケル 1866^[2]	シャットン 1925^[3]^[4]	コープランド（英語版） 1938^[5]^[6]	ホイッタカー 1969^[7]	ウーズら 1977^[8]^[9]	ウーズら 1990^[10]	キャバリエ=スミス 1993^[11]^[12]^[13]	キャバリエ=スミス 1998^[14]^[15]^[16]	Ruggiero et al. 2015^[17]
—	—	二帝（英語版）	二帝（英語版）	二帝（英語版）	二帝（英語版）	3ドメイン	三上界	二帝（英語版）	二上界（英語版）
二界	三界	—	四界	五界	六界	—	八界	修正六界	七界
—	原生生物界 Protista	原核生物帝 Prokaryota	モネラ界 Monera	モネラ界 Monera	真正細菌界 Eubacteria	細菌 Bacteria	真正細菌界 Eubacteria	細菌界 Bacteria	細菌 Bacteria
		原核生物帝 Prokaryota	モネラ界 Monera	モネラ界 Monera	古細菌界 Archaebacteria	古細菌 Archaea	古細菌界 Archaebacteria	細菌界 Bacteria	古細菌 Archaea
		真核生物帝 Eukaryota	原生生物界 Protoctista	原生生物界 Protista	原生生物界 Protista	真核生物 Eucarya	アーケゾア界 Archezoa	原生動物界 Protozoa	原生動物界 Protozoa
							原生動物界 Protozoa	原生動物界 Protozoa	原生動物界 Protozoa
							クロミスタ界 Chromista	クロミスタ界 Chromista	クロミスタ界 Chromista
植物界 Vegetabilia	植物界 Plantae		植物界 Plantae	植物界 Plantae	植物界 Plantae		植物界 Plantae	植物界 Plantae	植物界 Plantae
植物界 Vegetabilia	植物界 Plantae		植物界 Plantae	菌界 Fungi	菌界 Fungi		菌界 Fungi	菌界 Fungi	菌界 Fungi
動物界 Animalia	動物界 Animalia		動物界 Animalia	動物界 Animalia	動物界 Animalia		動物界 Animalia	動物界 Animalia	動物界 Animalia

→「Template:Biological kingdom classification」も参照

^ Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species
^ Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin
^ Chatton, É. (1925). “Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires”. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 10-VIII: 5–84.
^ Chatton, É. (1937). Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937). E. Sottano, Sète, France
^ Copeland, H.F. (1938). “The kingdoms of organisms”. Quarterly Review of Biology 13 (4): 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.
^ Copeland, H.F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. p. 6. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4474
^ Whittaker, R.H. (January 1969). “New concepts of kingdoms of organisms”. Science 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode: 1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
^ Woese, C.R.; Balch, W.E.; Magrum, L.J.; Fox, G.E.; Wolfe, R.S. (August 1977). “An ancient divergence among the bacteria”. Journal of Molecular Evolution 9 (4): 305–311. Bibcode: 1977JMolE...9..305B. doi:10.1007/BF01796092. PMID 408502.
^ Woese, C.R.; Fox, G.E. (November 1977). “Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (11): 5088–5090. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.5088W. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMC 432104. PMID 270744.
^ Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). “Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): 4576–4579. Bibcode: 1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). “Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?”. Bio Systems 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992). “Origins of secondary metabolism”. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation Symposia 171: 64–80; discussion 80–7. doi:10.1002/9780470514344.ch5. ISBN 9780470514344. PMID 1302186.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). “Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla”. Microbiological Reviews 57 (4): 953–994. doi:10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993. PMC 372943. PMID 8302218.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998). “A revised six-kingdom system of life”. Biological Reviews 73 (3): 203–266. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. PMID 9809012.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (2004). “Only six kingdoms of life”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 271 (1545): 1251–1262. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2705. PMC 1691724. PMID 15306349 2010年4月29日閲覧。.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (June 2010). “Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D. et al. (2015). “A higher level classification of all living organisms”. PLOS ONE 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.

[Linnaeus1735-1] Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species

[Haeckel-2] Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin

[Chatton1925-3] Chatton, É. (1925). “Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires”. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 10-VIII: 5–84.

[Chatton-4] Chatton, É. (1937). Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937). E. Sottano, Sète, France

[Copeland1938-5] Copeland, H.F. (1938). “The kingdoms of organisms”. Quarterly Review of Biology 13 (4): 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.

[Copeland1956-6] Copeland, H.F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. p. 6. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4474

[Whittaker1969-7] Whittaker, R.H. (January 1969). “New concepts of kingdoms of organisms”. Science 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode: 1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.

[Woese1977-8] Woese, C.R.; Balch, W.E.; Magrum, L.J.; Fox, G.E.; Wolfe, R.S. (August 1977). “An ancient divergence among the bacteria”. Journal of Molecular Evolution 9 (4): 305–311. Bibcode: 1977JMolE...9..305B. doi:10.1007/BF01796092. PMID 408502.

[Woese1977b-9] Woese, C.R.; Fox, G.E. (November 1977). “Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (11): 5088–5090. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.5088W. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMC 432104. PMID 270744.

[Woese1990-10] Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). “Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): 4576–4579. Bibcode: 1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.

[11] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). “Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?”. Bio Systems 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.

[12] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992). “Origins of secondary metabolism”. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation Symposia 171: 64–80; discussion 80–7. doi:10.1002/9780470514344.ch5. ISBN 9780470514344. PMID 1302186.

[13] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). “Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla”. Microbiological Reviews 57 (4): 953–994. doi:10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993. PMC 372943. PMID 8302218.

[14] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998). “A revised six-kingdom system of life”. Biological Reviews 73 (3): 203–266. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. PMID 9809012.

[CavalierSmith2004-15] Cavalier-Smith, T. (2004). “Only six kingdoms of life”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 271 (1545): 1251–1262. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2705. PMC 1691724. PMID 15306349 2010年4月29日閲覧。.

[pmid20031978-16] Cavalier-Smith, T. (June 2010). “Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.

[17] Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D. et al. (2015). “A higher level classification of all living organisms”. PLOS ONE 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.

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