利用者:Omotecho/sandbox/勇気ある人々賞

テッド・ケネディの手からジェラルド・フォードに贈られた賞（2001年）

勇気ある人々賞（英語: Profile in Courage Award、プロファイル・イン・カレッジ・アワード）は、アメリカの私設の賞で、先にジョン・F・ケネディの著書『勇気ある人々』（原書1956年刊『Profiles in Courage』）で資質を述べた〔勇気のしるし〕を表彰する。対象は個人（しばしば公選代議士）とし、一般の世論あるいは行政その他の地域の関心にそむいてでも、連邦や州または地域がいだくより広壮な理想を追求し、キャリアや人生を危険にさらしてでも自分の良心を貫いた者とする。

受賞者の選考にあたる委員会はジョン・F・ケネディ図書館財団が指名し、ケネディ家の他、著名なアメリカ人で構成される。通常は毎年、ケネディ元大統領の誕生日（5月29日）前後にマサチューセッツ州ボストンのジョン・F・ケネディ記念図書館で表彰式を行い授与する。授与者は元大統領の長女キャロライン・ケネディ元駐日大使が務める。生前に授与者の座にあった人物は、元大統領の実弟エドワード・ケネディとジョン・フィッツジェラルド・ケネディ父子、ジャクリーン・ケネディ元大統領夫人である。

生涯功労賞の受賞者にジョン・ルイス（2001年）とウィリアム・ウィンター（2008年）のふたりがある。

受賞の記念トロフィーはクリスタルガラスとスターリングシルバーを組み合わせたランタン型。エドウィン・シュロスバーグがデザインしてティファニーが納め、その原型はアメリカ海軍に在籍する唯一で最後の帆船の軍艦コンスティチューション（1797年進水）に艤装された提灯である。この帆船は表彰会場の近くに係留し展示されている。

歴代の受賞者

受賞（年）	氏名	職位	貢献	その他の候補者
1990	カール・エリオット (父).	元下院議員 (アラバマ州)	公民権諸法ならびに国家防衛教育法 (1958年 Hill-Elliott Act 法案）を有効にしようとしたため「両陣営（reactionaries）の激しい批判の的」となり、1964年に連邦議会議員の座を辞する。	ヘンリー・ベルモン、ユニタ・ブラックウェル、リロイ・ Henry Bellmon, Unita Blackwell, LeRoy Collins, Morris K. Udall
1991	チャールズ・ウェルトナー Charles Weltner	元下院議員 (ジョージア州)	For his decision to drop out of his race for reelection to a third term, rather than seek reelection and be bound by a party loyalty oath to support the candidacy of segregationist Lester Maddox.	Frank P. Graham, George M. Michaels, Nicholas C. Wasicsko
1992	ローウェル・P・ウェイカー Lowell P. Weicker Jr.	元下院議員、元同上院議員、第85代コネチカット州知事	For proposing, as governor of Connecticut, a budget that included the introduction of an unpopular state personal income tax and major spending cuts in order to address Connecticut's financial crisis.
1993	ジェームズ・フローリオ James Florio	ニュージャージー州知事（Governor of New Jersey、1990–1994）。下院議員（1975–1990）
1994	ヘンリー・ゴンザレス Henry Gonzalez	下院議員（テキサス州、1961-1999)
1995	マイケル・サイナー Michael Synar	下院議員（オクラホマ州）
1996	コーキン・チェルビーニ Corkin Cherubini	教育委員長？　校長？ School superintendent	Efforts to rectify civil rights abuses in his small southern school district
1997	チャールズ・プライス判事 Judge Charles Price	連邦裁判所第15巡回裁判所判事（アラバマ州モンゴメリー郡Montgomery County, Alabama）。1983年から判事として裁判に立ち合い、2015年1月16日に退任。
1998	ニコラス・C・マーニオン Nickolas C. Murnion	連峰裁判所第16地方裁判所判事（モンタナ州）.
	「北アイルランド平和交渉担当者」 "Peacemakers of Northern Ireland"	Negotiators and signatories of the ベルファスト合意.の交渉人、代理人	Awarded to the negotiators and signatories of the Good Friday Agreement, "in recognition of the extraordinary political courage they demonstrated." Presented to John Hume, Gerry Adams, John Alderdice, Malachi Curran, David Ervine, Gary McMichael, Monica McWilliams, David Trimble, and George J. Mitchell.
1999	Russell Feingold	U.S. Senator (Wisconsin) (1993–2011); Wisconsin State Senator (27th District) (1983-1993).	For co-sponsoring the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
	John McCain	U.S. Senator (Arizona); Republican nominee in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.	For co-sponsoring the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
2000	Hilda Solis	Member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 1st district; United States Secretary of Labor (2009–2013) during the Obama administration; U.S. Representative (2001–2009)
2001	John Lewis (Lifetime Achievement Award)	An American civil rights movement leader and politician, Lewis was the U.S. Representative for ジョージア州第5選挙区 from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation, and his district included three quarters of Atlanta.
	Gerald Ford	38th President of the United States	For his controversial pardon of Richard Nixon, which arguably cost him the 1976 election.
2002	Kofi Annan	A Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.
	Dean Koldenhoven	Former mayor of Palos Heights, Illinois	Political courage in speaking out against religious discrimination and calling for tolerance within his community.
	"Public Servants of September 11"	Representatives of NYPD, the FDNY, and the military	Risked their lives on September 11, 2001 attacks
2003	Dan Ponder, Jr.	He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1997 to 2000. He is a member of the Republican party. In 2003, he received the Profile in Courage Award from the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. He was elected mayor of Donalsonville, Georgia in 2013.	Took a contentious stand in favor of hate-crimes legislation in Georgia, which may have cost him his seat in the state House.
	David Beasley	Executive Director of the U.N. World Food Programme. Beasley served one term as the 113th Governor of South Carolina from 1995 until 1999, as a member of the Republican Party.	For his efforts to remove the Confederate battle flag from atop the state capitol.
	Roy Barnes	Governor of Georgia (1999–2003).	For his efforts to minimize the Confederate battle emblem on Georgia's state flag.
2004	Sima Samar		A well known woman’s and human rights advocate, activist and a social worker within national and international forums, who served as Minister of Women's Affairs of Afghanistan from December 2001 to 2003.
	Cindy Watson	Former North Carolina State Representative
	Paul Muegge	State Senator
2005	Joseph Darby	The whistleblower in the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal.
	Shirley Franklin	Mayor of Atlanta (2002–2010)
	Bill Ratliff	Texas State Senator (1988–2004)
	Victor Yushchenko	Third President of Ukraine (2005–2010)
2006	Alberto J. Mora	A former General Counsel of the Navy	国防総省内部で働きかけ、 ジョン・ユー（）が提唱する法的根拠に反論するよう、またグアンタナモ湾収容キャンプにおける収監囚の尋問（coercive interrogation tactics）は憲法違反（違法）であると主張した。
	John Murtha	U.S. representative (Pennsylvania)
2007	Bill White	Mayor of Houston (2004–2010)	ホワイト知事のすばやい対処により、ハリケーンのカタリナとリタで被災し住むところを失った何万もの家族を受け入れ、確実に人命を救った。 "Mayor White's quick actions in welcoming thousands of families displaced by hurricanes Katrina and Rita most certainly helped to save lives."
	Doris Voitier	Superintendent of Schools, St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana	「言葉では語り尽くせないほどの逆境にありながら、D・ボワティエはセント・バーナード教会区の学校群を再建（ハリケーン・カタリナ被災後）、自分が属するコミュニティの子どもたちが帰宅した時、勉強して成長する場を確保した。」 "Despite insurmountable odds, Doris Voitier rebuilt the schools of St. Bernard Parish [after Hurricane Katrina], making sure the children of her community had a place to learn and grow when they returned home."
2008	Jennifer Brunner	Ohio Secretary of State
	Debra Bowen	Secretary of State of California (2007–2015); member of the California State Legislature (1992-2006)
	William Winter (Lifetime Achievement Award)	Governor of Mississippi (1980–1984)
2009	Edward M. Kennedy	U.S. Senator (Massachusetts)
	Brooksley Born	Chairperson of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (1996–1999)
	シーラ・ベア Sheila Bair	第19代議長、連邦預金保険公社 （FDIC）。世界金融危機 (2007年-2008年)（リーマンショック）当時、氏は（連邦）政府の対応において顕著な役割を占めた。議長職を任期5年で拝命（2006年6月26日）、任命者はジョージ・W・ブッシュ大統領。
	Leymah Gbowee and the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace	Helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003.
2010	Karen Bass	Bass represented the 47th district in the California State Assembly 2004–2010, and was Speaker of the California State Assembly 2008–2010 (second woman, third African American speaker).
	Dave Cogdill	Republican politician who served as a State Senator from California's 14th State Senate district from December 2006 to December 2010.
	Darrell Steinberg	A member of the California State Senate representing the 6th District. He had also previously served as a member of the California State Assembly (1998–2004) and as a member of the Sacramento City Council (1992–1998). He is a member of the Democratic Party.
	Michael VillinesMichael Villines	Former California State Assemblyman, who served from 2004 to 2010 representing the 29th district.
2011	エリザベス・レデンボー Elizabeth Redenbaugh	School Board Member, New Hanover County, North Carolina	ノースカロライナ州のニューハノーバー郡教育委員会の一員として、「校区再編案に盛り込まれた人種隔離を感得し、それを正した」行いに対して。<br />For her actions, as a member of North Carolina's New Hanover County School Board "against what she perceived as racial segregation in school redistricting plans."
	ワエル・ゴニムほかエジプト国民		"presented to Wael Ghonim in honor of all Egyptians who stood up, at great personal risk, for the principles of democracy and self-governance" in the Egyptian revolution of 2011.
2012	Marsha K. Ternus, David L. Baker, and Michael J. Streit	Justices of the Iowa Supreme Court	"[I]n recognition of the political courage and judicial independence each demonstrated in setting aside popular opinion to uphold the basic freedoms and security guaranteed to all citizens under the Iowa constitution." The justices joined the unanimous Iowa Supreme Court ruling, Varnum v. Brien, that legally recognized same-sex marriage in Iowa; "[a]lthough the Court’s decision was unanimous, it provoked a political backlash. In November 2010, voters removed Ternus, Baker and Streit from office following an unprecedented campaign financed in part by national interest groups opposed to same-sex marriage."
	Robert S. Ford	Diplomat; United States Ambassador to Algeria (2006-2008); United States Ambassador to Syria (2010-2014)	For "bold and courageous diplomacy" that "provided crucial support to Syrians struggling under the brutal regime of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad."
2013	Gabrielle Giffords	Former U.S. Representative for アリゾナ州第8選挙区 (2007–2012)	"[I]n recognition of the political, personal, and physical courage she has demonstrated in her fearless public advocacy for policy reforms aimed at reducing gun violence." Giffords survived an assassination attempt that left her with a severe brain injury.
2014	George H. W. Bush	41st President of the United States	"[I]n recognition of the political courage he demonstrated when he agreed to a 1990 budget compromise that reversed his 1988 campaign pledge not to raise taxes and put his re-election prospects at risk."
	Paul W. Bridges	Mayor of Uvalda, Georgia	"[F]or risking his mayoral career with his decision to publicly oppose a controversial immigration law in Georgia" (Georgia House Bill 87). Bridges joined a federal lawsuit filed by the ACLU to stop the implementation of the law.
2015	Bob Inglis	Former U.S. Representative for サウスカロライナ州第4選挙区 (1993–1999; 2005–2011)	"[F]or the courage he demonstrated when reversing his position on climate change after extensive briefings with scientists, and discussions with his children, about the impact of atmospheric warming on our future. Knowing the potential consequences to his political career, Inglis nevertheless called on the United States to meaningfully address the issue."
2016	Dan Malloy	Governor of Connecticut (2011–2019)	For "courageously defend[ing] the U.S. resettlement of Syrian refugees and personally welcom[ing] a family of Syrian refugees to New Haven after they had been turned away by another state."
2017	Barack Obama	44th President of the United States	"[F]or his enduring commitment to democratic ideals and elevating the standard of political courage in a new century."
2018	Mitch Landrieu	Mayor of New Orleans	"[F]or his leadership in removing four Confederate monuments in New Orleans while offering candid, clear and compassionate reflections on the moment and its place in history."
2019	Nancy Pelosi	Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives	"[F]or putting the national interest above her party's interest to expand access to health care for all Americans and then, against a wave of political attacks, leading the effort to retake the majority and elect the most diverse Congress in our nation's history."

外部リンク

• John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award official website, with list of recipients

[[Category:ジョン・F・ケネディ]] [[Category:アメリカ合衆国の賞]]